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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 24 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A detailed histochemical analysis of the expression of the soybean small heat shock protein gene promoter, GmHSP 17·5E, fused to the GUS reporter gene, has been made in all organs and tissues of the flower as a function of stage of development and heat stress. This promoter is not uniformly expressed after a heat shock in all floral tissues and organs. Expression is seen at all stages of development in the sepals but not in the petals. The expression pattern in the pistil and in anthers is complex. Heat stress-induced GUS staining is seen in the style and upper portion of the ovary, but not in the stigmatic papillae or in the lower part of the ovary or in ovules. In stamens the heat shock response is seen in the filament and in the extension of the vascular tissue from the filament into the anther. No induction is seen in other tissues of the anther or in microspores or pollen at any stage of development. Vegetative organs in contrast are more uniform in the heat shock inducibility of GUS activity. Based on evidence from transient assays after microprojectile particle bombardment of the GmHSP 17·5E/GUS construct into pollen, it is likely that the gene is transcriptionally in an inactive configuration in pollen nuclei in stably transformed transgenic plants. These results are discussed with reference to other information in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcium oxalate monohydrate ; Inhibition ; Citrate and phosphocitrate binding ; X-ray structure of phosphocitrate ; Molecular modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Binding of citrate and phosphocitrate to calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals has been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and molecular modeling. Phosphocitrate structure has been resolved using low temperature X-ray analysis and ab initio computational methods. The (-1 0 1) crystal surface of calcium oxalate monohydrate is involved in binding of citrate and phosphocitrate, as shown by SEM and molecular modeling. Citrate and phosphocitrate conformations and binding energies to (-1 0 1) faces have been obtained and compared to binding to another set of calcium-rich planes (0 1 0). Difference in inhibitory properties of these compounds has been attributed to better coordination of functional groups of phosphocitrate with calcium ions in (-1 0 1). Relevance of this study to design of new calcium oxalate monohydrate inhibitors is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  California grunion Leuresthes tenuis (Teleostei: Atherinopsidae) emerge from the ocean to spawn on beaches of southern California. Grunion eggs do not hatch at a set developmental age, but remain in the sand until turbulent surf at high tide washes them out to sea. In previously studied fishes and amphibians that lay eggs terrestrially, low oxygen is the trigger for hatching in water, and high oxygen tensions inhibit hatching. For the grunion, however, eggs placed in air, seawater and oil did not hatch at any at oxygen tension until they were agitated in fluid. Following agitation in seawater, all eggs hatched within several minutes. Grunion eggs in normoxic or hyperoxic water hatched significantly faster than eggs agitated at the lowest oxygen tensions. Mechanical agitation, not hypoxia, is the environmental trigger for hatching in California grunion eggs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. Measurements of blood flow in the calf muscle of healthy men are reported. 2. Muscle clearance of Xenon 133, plethysmography and electronic oscillography were used as methods. 3. The blood flow was measured at rest in the supine position, after 3 min ischemia, during and after maximal muscle exercise and after exercise combined with ischemia. The muscle exercise was always performed until the person noted muscle pain. 4. After 3 min of ischemia the muscle blood flow was 4–8 times higher than at rest, 16–22 times higher during and after exercise, and after exercise combined with ischemia 17–25 times higher than at rest. Statistically there was only a difference between ischemia and exercise but not between exercise and exercise combined with ischemia. 5. The duration of elevated blood flow was less than 2 min after ischemia and more than 10 min after maximal exercise with or without ischemia. 6. The obtained values of muscle blood flow at rest, during and after exercise were within the limits obtained by other authors. Muscle blood flow estimated by the Xenon 133 clearance method gave consistently higher results than by plethysmography. The increase in blood flow in relation to the flow at rest however was the same with both methods. 7. The results show that for clinical evaluation of muscle blood flow in the human calf, flow measurements at rest are inaccurate because the rest flow is only about 1/20 of the maximal flow. 8. A maximal muscle blood flow in healthy subjects can be produced by exercise, but not by ischemia alone; after maximal exercise combined with ischemia the flow is not essentially higher than after maximal exercise without ischemia.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 1. Es wird über Durchblutungsmessungen am Unterschenkel gesunder Personen berichtet. 2. Methodisch wurde neben der Verstärker-Oscillographie die Venenverschluß-Plethysmographie und die Gewebsclearance von Xenon133 benützt. 3. Es wurde die Ruhedurchblutung und die Durchblutung nach arterieller Drosselung, nach Muskelarbeit und nach ischämischer Muskelarbeit gemessen. Die Muskelarbeit erfolgt jeweils bis zum Auftreten von Schmerzen. 4. Die erreichte Mehrdurchblutung betrug nach arterieller Drosselung das Vier- bis Achtfache des Ruhewertes, nach Muskelarbeit das Sechzehn- bis Zweiundzwanzigfache und nach ischämischer Arbeit das Siebzehn- bis Fünfundzwanzigfache des Ruhewertes. Statistisch war nur die Differenz zwischen arterieller Drosselung und Muskelarbeit zu sichern. 5. Die Dauer der reaktiven Hyperämie war nach Drosselung sehr kurz. Nach 1/4 min konnte die Mehrdurchblutung schon nicht mehr voll erfaßt werden, nach 2 min war sie weitgehend abgeklungen. Nach Muskelarbeit hielt die reaktive Hyperämie dagegen länger als 10 min an. 6. Die gefundenen Absolutwerte der Durchblutung in Ruhe und nach Belastung werden mitgeteilt, sie decken sich mit den Literaturangaben. 7. Für die Klinik wird gefolgert, daß eine Messung der Ruhedurchblutung unzureichend ist, da sie nur etwa ein Zwanzigstel der möglichen Durchblutung beträgt. 8. Die Durchblutungsreserve ist — zumindest bei Gesunden oder bei unvollständigen bzw. kompensierten Gefäßverschlüssen — nur durch Muskelarbeit, nicht aber durch arterielle Drosselung voll auszuschöpfen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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