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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are switches in perception of the Necker cube related to eye position? (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The issue of the relation of eye position to perceptual reversals of the ambiguous figure of the ‘Necker cube’ dates back to Necker's original article [L.A. Necker (1832) The London & Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 1, 329–337]. Despite the investigations of many distinguished psychophysicists since then, the question of whether perceptual switching is a cause or a consequence of associated changes in eye position has remained a matter of debate. In the present study we overcame methodological problems that have bedevilled many previous studies. We avoided any instruction that could interfere with the human subjects' free viewing of the Necker cube, tracked the eye position precisely and used biased versions of the cube that produced unambiguous percepts to determine how each subject actually looked at the cube. We show that, under these free-viewing conditions, there is a close link between the perception of the Necker cube and eye position. The average eye position of most subjects is at an extreme value at about the time when the subject's perception switches. From the biased cube trials we can infer that the polarity of the extreme corresponds to the percept which the subject had before the switch. These data indicate a bidirectional coupling between eye position and perceptual switching so that, after a subject's perceptual state changes, their eye position shifts to view the newly established percept. When the eye position approaches the corresponding extreme, the percept, in turn, becomes more and more likely to switch. This result suggests that the changed eye position itself might provide a negative feedback signal that suppresses the percept.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03722.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of moving textures on the responses of cells in the cat's dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of the anaesthetized cat were activated with test stimuli (flashing spots, counterphased gratings and moving bars) in the presence of a moving background texture. Moving texture alone produced mild excitation, as a result of stimulation of the receptive field centre. Fast moving coarse textures were more effective than fine slow moving textures. The predominant effect of texture motion, however, was to reduce the response to all test stimuli displayed in the receptive field centre. The effects were similar for X- and Y-like cells. In the case of flashed spots, the sustained response was more strongly suppressed than the transient response. The direction of motion of the texture and differences in the relative motion of bar and texture had no influence on the degree of suppression. These observations are similar to effects seen on cat retinal ganglion cells, and are probably a form of gain control. Such suppressive effects are transmitted to the cortex and are likely to be evoked by large gratings, textures and by natural stimuli, all of which activate extensive regions of the receptive field surround.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.02278.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibrations in the memory (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 373 (1995), S. 563-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] OF the many secrets that each of us carries in our brains, the one that we would all dearly love to know is how we remember things. How is it that Music, when soft voices die,/ Vibrates in the memory? How do we instantly pick out the individual face of a friend in a crowd, identify the aroma ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/373563a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selective responses of visual cortical cells do not depend on shunting inhibition (1988)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 332 (1988), S. 642-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] To test for the presence of shunting inhibition, we measured the input conductance and membrane voltage of single neurons during the passage of a bar or edge stimulus at various orienta-tions and directions of motion across the receptive field. The results reported here were obtained from 195 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/332642a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The information superflyway (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 379 (1996), S. 584-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IT is a truth universally acknowledged that, to survive, living organisms are in need of accurate information about their world. This information is collected by a dazzling array of specialized receptors that transduce the stimulus energy, whether it be light, pressure, tension, heat, chemical or ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/379584a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of synapses in cortical computation (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 25 (1996), S. 893-911 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The synapse, first introduced as a physiological hypothesis by C. S. Sherrington at the close of the nineteenth century, has, 100 years on, become the nexus for anatomical and functional investigations of interneuronal communication. A number of hypotheses have been proposed that give local synaptic interactions specific roles in generating an algebra or logic for computations in the neocortex. Experimental work, however, has provided little support for such schemes. Instead, both structural and functional studies indicate that characteristically cortical functions, e. g., the identification of the motion or orientation of objects, involve computations that must be achieved with high accuracy through the collective action of hundreds or thousands of neurons connected in recurrent microcircuits. Some important principles that emerge from this collective action can effectively be captured by simple electronic models. More detailed models explain the nature of the complex computations performed by the cortical circuits and how the computations remain so remarkably robust in the face of a number of sources of noise, including variability in the anatomical connections, large variance in the synaptic responses and in the tria-to-trial output of single neurons, and weak or degraded input signals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02284849
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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