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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 54 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We studied 22 patients aged 53–78 years scheduled for cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. Blood pressure, cardiac output, transcranial Doppler blood flow velocity, arterial blood gases, body temperature and protein S100B, as a marker for cerebral integrity, were evaluated in normotensive and hypertensive patients. Pre-operative mean (SD) arterial blood pressure was 93 (11) mmHg in the normotensive group compared with 116 (15) mmHg in the hypertensive group. We found an increase in protein S100B levels in both groups. Serum protein S100B concentrations in the hypertensive group were significantly higher than in the normotensive group (p 〈 0.001). The highest mean (SD) values were 2.04 (0.65) µmol.l−1 in the normotensive group and 7.02 (4.55) µmol.l−1 in the hypertensive group. These results suggest that cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with a significantly higher rate of cerebral injury in hypertensive patients than in normotensive patients. This may be due to altered autoregulation and insufficient cerebral perfusion. Modifications of cardiopulmonary bypass management for hypertensive patients might be made to decrease the risk of cerebral injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 56 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The high price of xenon has prevented its use in routine, clinic anaesthetic practice. Xenon therefore has to be delivered by closed-circuit anaesthesia. The accumulation of nitrogen is a significant problem within the closed circuit and necessitates flushing, which in turn increases gas expenditure and costs. In previous investigations, nitrogen concentrations between 12% and 16% have been reported in closed-circuit anaesthesia. In order to avoid such nitrogen accumulation, we denitrogenised seven pigs using a non-rebreathing system and connected the animals to a system primed with a xenon/oxygen mixture. In comparison, seven pigs were anaesthetised with xenon using a standard low-flow anaesthetic procedure. Anaesthesia time was 2 h. Nitrogen concentrations in the closed system ranged from 0.08 to 7.04% and were not significantly different from those observed during low-flow anaesthesia. Closed-circuit anaesthesia reduced the xenon expenditure 10-fold compared with low-flow anaesthesia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 57 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: There are little data on the effect of anaesthetic concentrations of xenon on cerebral pressure autoregulation. In this study, we have investigated the effect of 79% xenon inhalation on cerebral pressure autoregulation and CO2 response in pigs. Ten pigs were randomly allocated to receive xenon 79% or halothane anaesthesia, respectively, in a crossover designed study. Halothane was used to validate the experimental set-up. Transcranial Doppler was performed to determine the mean flow velocities in the middle cerebral artery (vMCA) during defined cerebral perfusion pressures and during normo-, hyper- and hypoventilation. The results showed that the inhalation of 79% xenon preserved cerebral autoregulation during conditions of normo-, hyper- and hypoventilation and at different cerebral perfusion pressures in pigs. These results suggest that with the inhalation of xenon, in the highest concentration suitable for a safe clinical use, cerebral autoregulation is preserved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Little is known about the haemodynamic effects of inhaled xenon on regional organ perfusion. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 79% xenon ventilation on organ perfusion in pigs. We investigated 10 pigs, which were randomly allocated to receive either xenon 79% or total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA)/oxygen anaesthesia. Microspheres were used to determine organ perfusion. The following regions of interest were investigated: cerebral cortex, medulla oblongata, brainstem, cerebellum, liver, kidney, small intestine, colon, muscle, skin and heart. The results demonstrated a significant increase in regional perfusion in the brainstem (+63%), cerebral cortex (+38%), medulla oblongata (+35%) and cerebellum (+34%). All other organs showed no significant change in regional perfusion. We conclude that xenon should be used with caution in clinical situations associated with pathological increases in intracranial pressure, e.g. neurosurgical procedures, head injury, cerebral mass lesions or stroke.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 57 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Interleukin-6 ; Synovial fluid ; Chronic rheumatoid arthritis ; Histology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was detected at low levels in plasma [0.014±0.006 ng/ml (mean ± SEM] and in high amounts in synovial fluid [SF; 2.6±2.2 ng/ml (mean ± SEM)] of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. No correlation of IL-6 levels in plasma or SF with the ESR (n=15) or with histological parameters of acute local synovitis (n=10) was observed. In contrast, SF IL-6 was positively correlated with histological characteristics of chronic synovitis (n=10; P≤0.01) and elevated plasma IgG concentrations (n=15; P≤0.05). In vitro concentrations of IL-6 comparable to those detected in SF increased the production of both IgG and IgM by synovial membrane mononuclear cells. The present results contribute to the view that high local IL-6 concentrations in SF promote chronic synovitis in RA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Children and Youth Services Review 5 (1983), S. 7-29 
    ISSN: 0190-7409
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine , Education , Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter: Allgemeinnarkose – Ketamin – In-vitro-Fertilisations-Embryotransfer (IVF-ET) – Prolaktin –β-Endorphine ; Key words: General anaesthesia – Ketamine – In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer – Prolactin –β-endorphins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract. Different anaesthetic procedures that were used during an in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) program have been analysed in order to determine their influence on plasma levels of estradiol, progesterone, prolactin, and β-endorphin and results of IVF-ET. Methods. Fifty-four patients awaiting transvaginal oocyte aspiration were randomised into three groups: (1) anaesthesia with ketamine as an induction agent and analgesic (n=20); (2) general intubation anaesthesia using thiopentone for induction and enflurane for maintenance (n=18); and (3) no anaesthesia (n=16). Estradiol, progesterone, prolactin, and β-endorphin were measured from day 3 to 14 referring to follicle aspiration. Differences between preoperative hormone levels and their intra- and postoperative peaks were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (P〈0.03). The results were corrected using the Holms method (α=0.05). Results. No differences were observed in estradiol and progesterone levels (Figs. 1, 2). Prolactin levels were 1.4 times higher (P〈0.001) when ketamine was used and 2.2 times higher (P〈0.001) after short general anaesthesia than in the control group (Fig. 3). Similar results were observed with respect to β-endorphin: in comparison with the control group we found significant elevation by a factor of 2.1 when ketamine was used (P〈0.001). The discrepancy became even more marked with general anaesthesia: β-endorphin was 3.9 times higher compared to the controls (P〈0.001) (Fig. 4). Comparing the two groups who were given anaesthetics, prolactin and β-endorphin levels were also significantly different (P〈0.001). The IVF procedure itself did not appear to be affected by different anaesthetic procedures during oocyte aspiration (Table 2). Conclusions. The increased prolactin and β-endorphin plasma levels associated with ketamine and general anaesthesia reflect a significant alteration of the observed hormone levels. When anaesthesia is indicated, we try to avoid general intubation anaesthesia in favor of ketamine.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung. Im Rahmen der in-vitro-Fertilisations-Embryotransfer-(IVF-ET-)Behandlung werden bei der Oozytengewinnung u. a. systemische Kurznarkosen eingesetzt. Ihr Einfluß auf die Östradiol-, Progesteron-, Prolaktin- und β-Endorphin-Plasmaspiegel sowie auf die Ergebnisse der IVF-Verfahren wurde an 54 Patientinnen untersucht. Diese wurden vor einer geplanten transvaginalen Follikelpunktion zwischen einer Narkose mit Ketamin als Einleitungshypnotikum und Analgetikum (n=20), einer "Allgemeinnarkose" mit Thiopental als Einleitungs- und Enfluran als Inhalationsnarkotikum (n=18) und einer Kontrollgruppe ohne Anästhesie (n=16) randomisiert. Die Hormonspiegelbestimmungen erfolgten peri- und intraoperativ zwischen Tag −3 und +14. Die Differenzbeträge zum individuellen Vor- bzw. Nullwert wurden mittels Kruskal-Wallis-Test analysiert (p〈0,03) und nach dem Holm-Verfahren korrigiert (α=0,05). Der Prolaktinspiegel war unter Ketaminanästhesie 1,4fach und Allgemeinanästhesie 2,2fach gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe erhöht (jeweils p〈0,001). Auch die β-Endorphine stiegen um den Faktor 2,1 (p〈0,001) bzw. 3,9 (p〈0,001) signifikant an. Beim Vergleich der Narkoseformen untereinander waren Prolaktin- sowie Endorphinspiegel ebenfalls signifikant unterschiedlich (p〈0,001). Keine Unterschiede ergaben sich bezüglich der Östradiol- und Progesteronspiegel sowie in bezug auf die IVF-Durchführung und die klinischen Ergebnisse nach Embryotransfer. Wenngleich die klinischen Ergebnisse der IVF-Behandlung nicht durch den Einsatz der Narkoseverfahren beeinflußt wurden, sollte dennoch ein Anästhesieverfahren mit einer geringen Beeinflussung der Hormonspiegel gewählt werden. In unserer Untersuchung war dies die Ketaminnarkose ohne endotracheale Intubation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Raumluftbelastung ; Larynxmaske ; Doppelmaske ; Key words Atmospheric pollution ; Double mask ; Laryngeal mask
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Pollution of work areas by volatile anaesthetics and nitrous oxide occurs during general anaesthesia. Short anaesthesia procedures are often carried out in operating theatres that are not equipped with air-conditioning systems. Methods of lovering exposure during short procedures, where mask anaesthesia is the usual procedure, are double masks and the laryngeal mask. The aim of our investigation was to determine the possibility of lowering the pollution of the environment to below national and international thresholds in a non-air-conditioned work area and to find out which method of anaesthesia is the most effective in environmental protection, i.e. which has the lowest leakage rate. Methods. In our investigation, at two points of the work area the mean enflurane [2-chloro-1-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2-trifluoro-ethane] concentrations were measured under daily routine conditions in a non-ventilated anaesthesiological work area by gas chromatography. Anaesthesia with single masks, double masks, laryngeal masks or endotracheal intubation was carried out. Results. No differences were found in the mean concentration of enflurane during the anaesthesia procedures. The leakage rates of endotracheal intubation anaesthesia were the lowest. Discussion. In unventilated work areas, it was not possible to lower the exposure of the personnel by changing the method of anaesthesia. The application of procedures like double or laryngeal masks does not avoid the need for installation of air-conditioning systems in all work areas were anaesthesia is performed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Während Inhalationsnarkosen kommt es zu Raumluftkontaminationen durch volatile Anästhetika und Lachgas. Belastungssenkende Verfahren für Narkosen, die als Maskennarkosen durchgeführt werden, sind Doppelmasken und Larynxmasken. Ziel unserer Untersuchung, die in einem nichtklimatisierten Eingriffsraum stattfand, war es, die verfahrensbedingte Leckage im Vergleich zur Intubationsnarkose zu quantifizieren. Gleichzeitig wurde geprüft, ob sich durch die Einführung von Larynx- oder Doppelmasken die MAK-Werte in nichtbelüfteten Arbeitsplätzen einhalten lassen. Es wurden Narkosen mit Einfachmasken, Doppelmasken, Larynxmasken und Intubationsnarkosen durchgeführt. Dabei bestimmten wir während jeder Narkose die mittlere Enflurankonzentration gleichzeitig an zwei Punkten im Arbeitsbereich des Anästhesisten. Aus den gemessenen Werten und den Narkosezeiten wurde die verfahrensbedingte Leckage berechnet. Es wurden keine Unterschiede der mittleren Narkosegasbelastung festgestellt. Die Narkosegaseemission war bei Intubationsnarkosen niedriger als bei allen anderen Verfahren. Belastungssenkende Effekte von Larynx- und Doppelmasken werden in nichtbelüfteten Räumen durch andere Expositionsquellen überlagert. Die Installation von suffizienten Klimaanlagen muß weiter für alle anästhesiologischen Arbeitsplätze gefordert werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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