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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of metamorphic geology 7 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Experiments up to water pressures of 21 kbar have been undertaken to bracket the reactions chlorite + quartz = talc + kyanite + H2O, chlorite + quartz = talc + cordierite + H2O, and talc + kyanite + quartz = cordierite ± H2O by reversed runs in the system MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O (MASH). These reaction curves intersect at an invariant point (IP1) at PH2O = 6.4 ± 0.2 kbar and a temperature of 624 ± 4°C. The curve of the chlorite + quartz breakdown to talc + kyanite + H2O at water pressures above 6.4 kbar shows a negative dP/dT, with the slope decreasing with rising pressure, whereas the slope of the breakdown curve to talc + cordierite + H2O at water pressures is clearly positive.The composition of the chlorite solid solution reacting with quartz has been estimated to be approximately Mg4.85Al1.15[Al1.15Si2.85O10](OH)8 over the entire pressure range investigated. The composition of the talc solid solution forming by the breakdown of chlorite + quartz appears to be Mg2.94Al0.06[Al0.06Si3.94O10](OH)2 at PH2O = 2kbar. With increasing pressure, the Al content of talc decreases, reaching a value of about 0.06 atoms per formula unit at P,H2O = 21 kbar.As a consequence of the new experimental data, the existing phase topologies of the MASH-system and K2O-MASH-system have been revised. For example, the invariant point IP1 and the univariant reaction curve kyanite + talc + H2O = chlorite + cordierite are stable. For this reason, the development of medium- to high-temperature metamorphic rocks compositionally approximating the MASH-system must be reconsidered. The whiteschists from Sar e Sang, Afghanistan, are treated as an example. The application of the present experimental data to metamorphic rocks of more normal composition requires the examination of the influence of further components. This leads to the conclusion that the introduction of Fe2+ into magnesian chlorite extends its stability field in the presence of quartz by 10°-15°C in comparison with pure Mg-chlorite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of metamorphic geology 20 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Observations of oriented SiO2 precipitates in omphacite from eclogite with tholeiitic basalt protolith bordering the Alpe Arami garnet peridotite massif, Ticino, Switzerland, and petrological studies of the eclogitic mineral assemblages, suggest that this rock was subjected to higher-pressure metamorphism than previously realized. We employed various calibrations of the Fe2+ − Mg exchange thermometer and calculations of equilibria with thermodynamic data, considering the calcium–Tschermak's component (CaAl2SiO6), of garnet-pyroxene pairs. From these calculations, it is concluded that the eclogitic lenses have recorded at least four stages of mineral growth corresponding to the following: Stage I (prograde) c. 2.4 GPa; 700 °C; Stage IIa (maximum recorded grade) c. 7.0 GPa; 1100 °C; Stage IIb (retrograde) c. 3.7 GPa; 900 °C; Stage III (retrograde) c. 2.1 GPa; 750 °C. Because of the preservation of Stage I, a relatively rapid subduction and exhumation of Alpe Arami eclogite is suggested. The exhumation path of the eclogitic rock is in good agreement with most exhumation paths inferred for the Alpe Arami garnet lherzolite proposed previously by several authors based upon a variety of different observations, although the eclogite and peridotite exhumation paths may diverge at depths greater than 120 km.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of metamorphic geology 23 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1525-1314
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Integrated petrological and structural investigations of eclogites from the eclogite zone of the Voltri Massif (Ligurian Alps) have been used to reconstruct a complete Alpine P–T deformation path from burial by subduction to subsequent exhumation. The early metamorphic evolution of the eclogites has been unravelled by correlating garnet zonation trends with the chemical variations in inclusions found in the different garnet domains. Garnet in massive eclogites displays typical growth zoning, whereas garnet in foliated eclogites shows rim-ward resorption, likely related to re-equilibration during retrogressive evolution. Garnet inclusions are distinctly different from core to rim, consisting primarily of Ca-, Na/Ca-amphibole, epidote, paragonite and talc in garnet cores and of clinopyroxene ± talc in the outer garnet domains. Quantitative thermobarometry on the inclusion assemblages in the garnet cores defines an initial greenschist-to-amphibolite facies metamorphic stage (M1 stage) at c. 450–500 °C and 5–8 kbar. Coexistence of omphacite + talc + katophorite inclusion assemblage in the outer garnet domains indicate c. 550 °C and 20 kbar, conditions which were considered as minimum P–T estimates for the M2 eclogitic stage. The early phase of retrograde reactions is polyphase and equilibrated under epidote–blueschist facies (M3 stage), characterized by the development of composite reaction textures (garnet necklaces and fluid-assisted Na-amphibole-bearing symplectites) produced at the expense of the primary M2 garnet-clinopyroxene assemblage. The blueschist retrogression is contemporaneous with the development of a penetrative deformation (D3) that resulted in a non-coaxial fabric, with dominant top-to-the-N sense of shear during rock exhumation. All of that is overprinted by a texturally late amphibolite/greenschist facies assemblages (M4 & M5 stages), which are not associated with a penetrative structural fabric. The combined P–T deformation data are consistent with an overall counter-clockwise path, from the greenschist/amphibolite, through the eclogite, the blueschist to the greenschist facies. These new results provide insights into the dynamic evolution of the Tertiary oceanic subduction processes leading to the building up of the Alpine orogen and the mechanisms involved in the exhumation of its high-pressure roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 80 (1991), S. 369-389 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Geothermobarometric studies of plutonic and medium to high grade metamorphic rocks of the Odenwald (SW Germany) provide data for the construction of PT-paths of four different crustal sections within a part of a magmatic arc of the Mid-European Hercynian orogen. The evolution of the thermal structure of the Odenwald is characterized by an early geotherm of 35–40°C/km after crustal stacking involving rocks with medium pressure relics. Peak PT-conditons reached 4–5 kbar and 650°C. Only rocks of the northernmost Odenwald show evidence for PT conditions related to a higher geotherm at this time. Early uplift occurred during normal oblique sinistral strike shear. The central Odenwald was uplifted into a level corresponding to 3 kbar during intrusion of calcalkaline magmas. The northernmost Odenwald subsided at the same time, as proved by an anticlockwise PT-path. Subsequently, in the southern and eastern Odenwald, rapid uplift caused a further increase of the geotherm to 60–80°C/km. This is concomitant with extension and granitoid intrusions. Crustal thickening in the Odenwald is restricted to an early phase during the Devonian. The magmatic arc developed within a »pull-apart«-like structure during the Lower Carboniferous.
    Abstract: Résumé Dans l'Odenwald (sud-ouest de l'Allemagne), l'étude géothermobarométrique de roches plutoniques et de roches métamorphiques de degré moyen à élevé fournit les données qui permettent la construction de trajets (P, T) relatifs à quatre sections crustales dans une partie d'un arc magmatique de l'orogène varisque d'Europe. Le début de l'évolution de la structure thermique de l'Odenwald a été marqué par un gradient géothermique de 35–40°C/Km, en suite à un empilement crustal impliquant des roches qui contiennent des reliques de pression moyenne. Les conditions (P, T) du métamorphisme maximal furent de 4–5 Kbar et 650°C. Seules les roches de l'Odenwald septentrional témoignent d'un gradient plus élevé à cette époque. Un soulèvement hâtif s'est produit le long de zones de cisaillement sénestres. Concomitamment à l'intrusion de magmas calcoalcalins, l'Odenwald central a été le siège d'un soulèvement jusqu'à un niveau correspondant à 3 Kbar. En même temps, l'Odenwald septentrional s'affaissait, comme en témoigne uu trajet (P, T) anti-horlogique. Par la suite, dans l'Odenwald méridional et oriental, une montée rapide associée à un processus d'extension et à l'intrusion de magmas granitoïdes a amené le gradient géothermique à des valeurs de 60 à 80° /Km. L'épaississement crustal est cantonné à une phaseprécoce d'âge dévonien, tandis que l'arc magmatique s'est développé dans une structure ra pullapart « au cours du Carbonifère inférieur.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Geothermobarometrische Untersuchungen an Plutoniten und mittelbis hochgradigen Metamorphiten des Odenwaldes ermöglichen die Konstruktion von PT-Pfaden für vier Krustenabschnitte in einem Teil eines variszischen magmatischen Gürtels. Zu Beginn der Entwicklung der thermischen Struktur des magmatischen Gürtels stellte sich ein Geotherm von 35–40°C/km nach einer Krustenstapelung ein, in die Gesteine mit Mitteldruckrelikten einbezogen wurden. Die PT-Bedingungen zum Höhepunkt der Metamorphose erreichten 4–5 kbar und 650°C. Nur Gesteine des nördlichen Odenwaldes belegen PT-Bedingungen, die auf einen höheren Geotherm zu dieser Zeit hinweisen. Frühe Hebung fand entlang von Schrägabschiebungen statt. Der zentrale Odenwald wurde bei gleichzeitiger Intrusion kalkalkaliner Magmen in ein Niveau entsprechend 3 kbar gehoben. Der nördliche Odenwald sank gleichzeitig ab, wie durch einen gegen den Uhrzeigersinn gerichteten PT-Pfad belegt wird. Im südlichen und östlichen Odenwald bewirkte danach schnelle Hebung einen weiteren Anstieg des Geotherms auf 60–80°C/km verbunden mit Dehnung und Intrusion granitoider Magmen. Während Krustenverdickung auf eine frühe Phase im Devon beschränkt ist, entwickelt sich der magmatische Gürtel im Bereich des Odenwaldes im Unterkarbon innerhalb einer » pull apart «-ähnlichen Struktur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 432 (1977), S. 115-119 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Thermal Decomposition of TlFeO2 to TlFe5O8 and α-Fe2O3The thermal decomposition of TlFeO2 above 800°C under Argon leads to α-Fe2O3. During this process a new phase, TlFe5O8, was observed. The stoichiometry of this new compound was determined by DTA-TG measurements. The Guinier-photograph showed that TlFe5O8 crystallizes hexagonal-rhombohedral with a = 5.928 Å, c = 35.93 Å, c/a = 6.06 and Z = 6 formula units (molar volume 109.8 cm3) in the elementary cell.
    Notes: Die thermische Zersetzung von TlFeO2 unter Argon führt oberhalb 800°C zu α-Fe2O3, wobei die Phase TlFe5O8 durchlaufen wird. Die Stöchiometrie dieser neuen Verbindung wurde aus DTA-TG-Messungen ermittelt. Nach Guinier-Aufnahmen kristallisiert TlFe5O8 hexagonalrhomboedrisch mit a = 5,928 Å, c = 35,93 Å, c/a = 6,06 und Z = 6 Formeleinheiten (Molvolumen 109,8 cm3) in der Elementarzelle.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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