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  • 1
    ISSN: 1523-536X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Newborns not exposed to analgesia, when placed on the mother's chest, exhibit an inborn prefeeding behavior. This study was performed to assess the effects of different types of analgesia during labor on the development of spontaneous breastfeeding movements, crying behavior, and skin temperature during the first hours of life in healthy term newborns. Methods: Video recordings were made of 28 newborns who had been dried and placed in skin-to-skin contact between their mother's breasts immediately after delivery. The video recordings were analyzed blindly with respect to infant exposure to analgesia. Defined infant behaviors were assessed every 30 seconds. Group 1 mothers (n = 10) had received no analgesia during labor, group 2 mothers (n= 6) had received mepivacaine via pudendal block, and group 3 mothers (n= 12) had received pethidine or bupivacaine or more than one type of analgesia during labor.Results:All infants made finger and hand movements, but the infant's massagelike hand movements were less frequent in infants whose mothers had received labor analgesia. A significantly lower proportion of group 3 infants made hand-to-mouth movements (p 〈 0.001), and a significantly lower proportion of the infants in groups 2 and 3 touched the nipple with their hands before suckling (p 〈 0.01), made licking movements (p 〈 0.01), and sucked the breast (p 〈 0.01). Nearly one-half of the infants, all in groups 2 or 3, did not breastfeed within the first 2.5 hour of life. The infants whose mothers had received analgesia during labor had higher temperatures (p= 0.03) and they cried more (p= 0.05) than infants whose mothers had not received any analgesia.Conclusions:The present data indicate that several types of analgesia given to the mother during labor may interfere with the newborn's spontaneous breast-seeking and breastfeeding behaviors and increase the newborn's temperature and crying.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Birth 32 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1523-536X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract:  Background: In 1989 the World Health Organization and UNICEF introduced the “Ten Steps” for successful breastfeeding. One step suggests that a mother and her newborn baby should remain together day and night during the hospital stay. The purpose of this study was to investigate, first, whether or not mothers in our hospital roomed-in with their babies at night, second, the attitudes of mothers toward night rooming-in and their feelings of closeness to their babies, and third, how mothers perceived hospital staff attitudes toward night rooming-in. Methods: All mothers ( n = 132) of Nordic ancestry and with good knowledge of the Swedish language, who were admitted to the maternity wards during a 2-week period at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, answered a questionnaire on demographic background data and their current night rooming-in practices, including an attitude scale. Results: Most study mothers were positive toward night rooming-in, regardless of whether they had roomed in with their babies at night (93% positive) or not (73% positive). Mothers who had not roomed-in with their babies were more likely to perceive that the staff believed their babies should stay in the nursery compared with those mothers who practiced night rooming-in (z = −2.733, p = 0.006). Mothers not rooming-in with their babies scored closeness to their babies as less important than those mothers who roomed-in with their babies (z = −3.780, p = 0.0002); they also were more worried about their own and their babies’ sleep (z = −2.321, p = 0.02) and disturbing noises (z = −3.487, p = 0.0005). Conclusions: Mothers who left their babies in the nursery at night more often perceived that the staff believed their babies should stay in the nursery, rating closeness between mother and infant lower. Hence, negative staff attitudes toward night rooming-in may implicitly suggest to mothers that closeness between mothers and babies is not important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1523-536X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Newborns placed skin-to-skin with their mothers show an inborn sequence of behavior similar to that seen in other mammals. The purpose of this study was to make a detailed exploration of hand movements and sucking behavior in healthy term newborns who were placed skin-to-skin on their mothers' chests, and to study maternal oxytocin release in relation to these behaviors. Methods: Ten vaginally delivered infants whose mothers had not been exposed to maternal analgesia were video-recorded from birth until the first breastfeeding. Video protocols were developed based on observations of the videotapes. Each infant's hand, finger, mouth, and tongue movements, positions of the hand and body, and sucking behavior were assessed every 30 seconds. Maternal blood samples were collected every 15 minutes, and oxytocin levels were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. A statistical test for establishing the relationship between maternal oxytocin levels and infants' hand movements or sucking behavior was developed. Results: Infants used their hands to explore and stimulate their mother's breast in preparation for the first breastfeeding. A coordinated pattern of infant hand and sucking movements was also identified. When the infants were sucking, the massagelike hand movements stopped and started again when the infants made a sucking pause. Periods of increased massagelike hand movements or sucking of the mother's breast were followed by an increase in maternal oxytocin levels (p 〈 0.005). Conclusions:The findings indicate that the newborns use their hands as well as their mouths to stimulate maternal oxytocin release after birth, which may have significance for uterine contraction, milk ejection, and mother-infant interaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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