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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 7573-7575 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Tunnel junctions of Co(10 nm)/AlOx (nominally 2 nm)/Co(20 nm) have been prepared by molecular beam epitaxy applying a shadow mask technique in conjunction with an UV light-assisted oxidation process of the AlOx barrier. The quality of the AlOx barrier has been proven by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and temperature dependent tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) measurements. Optimum-oxidized tunnel junctions show a TMR of 20% at 285 K and up to 36% at 100 K. At 285 K the TMR values as a function of oxidation time are not symmetric about the optimum time. For underoxidized junctions the TMR is reduced more strongly than for overoxidized junctions. The temperature dependence of the junction's resistance is a clear and reliable indicator whether pinholes (or imperfections) contribute to the conduction across the barrier. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 2304-2306 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The exchange bias shift of the hysteresis loop, HE, in antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic layer systems can be easily controlled (within certain limits) by cooling in zero field from different magnetization states above the antiferromagnetic Néel temperature, TN. This indicates that for moderate cooling fields, HE is determined by the magnetization state of the ferromagnet at TN, and not by the strength of the cooling field. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 2026-2028 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Co(10 nm)/AlOx(nominally 2 nm)/Co(20 nm) tunnel junctions have been prepared under ultrahigh vacuum conditions applying a shadow mask technique. An ultraviolet light-assisted oxidation process of the AlOx barrier has been optimized by in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, in conjunction with temperature-dependent tunneling magnetoresistance measurements. Optimum-oxidized tunnel junctions show a magnetoresistance of 20% at 285 K, and up to 38% at 100 K. For under-oxidized samples, with a remaining Al layer between the Co bottom electrode and the AlOx barrier, the tunneling magnetoresistance decreases more rapidly with increasing temperature than observed for the over-oxidized samples. The resistance × area product of optimum-oxidized tunneling junctions exhibits a minimum, and increases for under- and over-oxidized samples. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: 4-Hydroxybenzoate polyprenyl transferase ; Chorismate pyruvate-lyase ; Escherichia coli ; Ubiquinone ; ubiA ; ubiC
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sozial- und Präventivmedizin 25 (1980), S. 26-28 
    ISSN: 1420-911X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé En République fédérale d'Allemagne fonctionne depuis quelques années un système conçu pour informer les pharmaciens des risques des médicaments, système qui a donné de très bons résultats. Actuellement, tous les mois sont rassemblées une centaine de communications de pharmaciens qui traitent principalement des inconvénients de certaines préparations, mais aussi des effets secondaires défavorables, des usages erronés et des défauts d'empaquetage, entre autres choses. Vu cette expérience positive, faite à l'étranger, la Société suisse de pharmacie (SSPh) a décidé de lancer un système analogue d'information. Selon ce système, chaque pharmacien, dans la mesure de ses possibilités, apprécie la qualité pharmaceutique des médicaments, prend note des remarques particulières des malades (notamment de leurs doléances), et transmet les observations suspectes à une commission d'experts spécialisés, au moyen d'un formulaire prévu pour ce genre de communication. Cette commission a pour tâche de vérifier les informations reçues, dans chaque cas de faire effectuer des recherches complémentaires et au besoin de se mettre en rapport avec les centres techniques médico-pharmaceutiques intéressés (autorités, institutions de recherche, corps médical, OMS, etc.). Les mesures appropriées sont ensuite mises en œuvre par ces organismes. La SSPh est convaincue que ce système d'information contribuera sensiblement à améliorer la sécurité des médicaments.
    Abstract: Summary For several years now, a pharmaceutical risk-reporting system has been accessible to pharmacists in the Federal Republic of Germany, and has proved highly successful. Each month about 100 messages are received from pharmacists, which mainly concern galenic shortcomings, but also undesirable effects, misuse, packing errors and other anomalies. In view of this successful experience abroad, the Swiss Association of Pharmacists (SAV) has decided to install a similar reporting system in Switzerland. The principle is that individual pharmacists supervise, insofar as possible, the pharmaceutical quality of the drugs, and above all record the views of patients (especially complaints), communicating their suspicions to a special board of experts on a reporting sheet. It is the task of this board to check each message, make further enquiries where necessary, and, in appropriate cases, contact the medico-pharmaceutical bodies (official authorities, research and medical institutes, WHO, etc.). These bodies will then set in motion the necessary action. The SAV is convinced that such a reporting system will make a substantial contribution to improving the safety of medicaments.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der Bundesrepublik Deutschland ist seit einigen Jahren ein apothekeninternes Meldesystem über Arzneimittelrisiken in Gebrauch, das sich sehr gut bewährt hat. Monatlich gehen heute rund 100 Meldungen von Apothekern ein, die sich hauptsächlich auf galenische Mängel, aber auch auf unerwünschte Wirkungen und Missbrauch, Verpackungsfehler und andere Phänomene beziehen. Aufgrund dieser positiven Erfahrungen aus dem Ausland hat sich der Schweizerische Apothekerverein (SAV) entschlossen, in der Schweiz ein analoges Meldesystem aufzubauen. Dieses beruht darauf, dass der einzelne Apotheker an der Basis im Rahmen seiner Möglichkeiten die pharmazeutische Qualität der Arzneimittel überwacht, besondere Aussagen des Patienten (z. B. über Beschwerden) registriert und verdächtige Beobachtungen auf einem sogenannten Berichtsbogen an eine spezielle Expertenkommission weiterleitet. Aufgabe dieser Kommission ist es, die einzelnen Meldungen zu prüfen, allenfalls weitere Erhebungen anzustellen und nötigenfalls die Verbindung zu den involvierten medizinisch-pharmazeutischen Fachstellen (Behörden, Forschung, Ärzteschaft, WHO usw.) aufzunehmen. Von diesen Stellen wären sodann die erforderlichen Massnahmen in die Wege zu leiten. Der SAV ist davon überzeugt, dass ein derartiges Meldesystem einen erheblichen Beitrag zur Hebung der Arzneimittelsicherheit leisten wird.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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