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Active commuting to and from school and BMI in elementary school children – preliminary data (2005)

Heelan, K. A. ; Donnelly, J. E. ; Jacobsen, D. J. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Child 31 (2005), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2214

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine , Psychology

Notes: Background United States National Health Objectives include increasing the proportion of trips made by walking to and from school for children who live within 1.6 km to 50%. The purpose of this objective is to increase the level of physical activity among children. However, the impact of walking, bicycling or skating (active commuting) to and from school on the prevalence of overweight is unknown.Methods Body mass index (BMI) was measured for 320 children (age 10.2 ± 0.7 years) in September. Over 5 months, an active commuting index (SI) and daily physical activity were estimated via questionnaire. In April, BMI and body fat were measured.Results A significant positive association was found between April BMI and SI adjusting for September BMI (partial r = 0.03, P 〈 0.05). Positive associations were found between SI and physical activity before school (r = 0.17, P 〈 0.05) and daily moderate intensity physical activity (r = 0.13, P 〈 0.05). There were no significant association between SI and BF (P 〉 0.05).Conclusions This preliminary data suggests that active commuting does not appear to provide sufficient amounts of physical activity to attenuate BMI; however, it may contribute to the attainment of physical activity recommendations. Future research is needed to objectively measure the impact of active commuting on the prevalence of overweight.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2005.00513.x

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Radiopacity additives in silicone stent materials reduce in vitro bacterial adherence (1991)

Sawant, A. D. ; Gabriel, Manal ; Mayo, M. S. ; [et al.]

Springer

Current microbiology 22 (1991), S. 285-292

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ISSN: 1432-0991

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Abstract In vitro adherence of the nosocomial pathogensPseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Serratia marcescens, andCandida albicans to select radiopaque silicone compounds was lower than that observed for the base silicone (p〈0.03). Except forE. coli ATCC 11775 andCandida albicans, all microorganisms showed significantly lower adherence to a silicone compound impregnated with tantalum in comparison with a silicone compound impregnated with barium sulfate (p〈0.05). Surface hydrophobicity of the silicone compounds did not show a direct correlation with the concentration of radiopacity additives or with degree of bacterial adherence. Scatchard analyses of data indicated that the number of adherence sites forP. aeruginosa on the base silicone, BaSO4-silicone, and Ta-silicone were 9.2×106 per mm2, 6.1×106 per mm2, and 3.7×106 per mm2 respectively. As determined by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, the dissociation constants for adheredP. aeruginosa to the base silicone, BaSO4-silicone, and Ta-silicone were 2.50×103 mm4, 1.45×103 mm4, and 6.27×103 mm4 respectively.Pseudomonas aeruginosa demonstrated first order kinetics of adherence to the silicone compounds with a half saturation time of 4.15 h for the base silicone, 1.06 h for the BaSO4-silicone, and 2.14 h for the Ta-silicone. The use of Ta-silicone stents may delay the development of ascending urinary tract infections.