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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. In autoimmune diseases, as well as in organ transplantation, corticosteroids are often an obligatory part of the treatment regimen. The deleterious effect of corticosteroids on bone metabolism is well known, although still controversial [1–3]. It is easier to maintain bone mass than to restore it. Although the treatment of choice for prevention of bone loss is hormone replacement therapy, it cannot always be applied, and for many reasons compliance is low over the world. Alternative strategies to prevent bone loss are now tried out in many centers. Calcitonin and bisphosphonates are well-known antiresorbing drugs, but costs and long-term efficiency for calcitonin and fear for bone toxicity for the bisphosphonates limits their use for prevention. An attractive strategy to prevent osteoporosis is the treatment with alfacalcidiol because it is a natural product with important effects on bone metabolism in physiological and pharmacological dosages. Calcium absorption from the gut and mineralization of the bone matrix are optimalized by alfacalcidiol. The purpose of this paper is to report on our experience with alfacalcidiol concerning bone mass and quality in corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis in experimental animals and on long-term bone quality in autoimmune diseases and organ transplantation. We have studied the effects of alfacalcidiol on bone mass and quality in ovariectomized animals with and without corticosteroids. In these fundamental studies we have found that alfacalcidiol had a profound protective and curative effect not only on bone mass but also on bone quality as tested by mechanical testing, namely, impact torsional loading test of whole bones. The combination of alfacalcidiol with estrogens was less effective than alfacalcidiol, but more effective than estrogens alone [4–6] (Fig. 1).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 102 (1984), S. 267-272 
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mittels EDTA Extraktion und Kollagenase-Fermentierung wurde der Gehalt an Kollagen, Sialoprotein, Proteoglycan und Karbohydrat im Knochenmaterial der Hüftköpfe von 10 normalen und 8 osteoarthrotischen Personen analysiert. Die EDTA Extrahierbarkeit der Matrixproteine des osteoarthrotischen Knochens war signifikant gestiegen (P〉0,001) ebenso wie der lösliche Kollagenase resistente Teil (LKRT). EDTA Reste, die Größe der Knochenmatrix, der Kollagenase resistente Teil (KRT) and der unlösliche Kollagenase resistente Teil (UKRT) der osteoarthrotischen Hüftköpfe unterschieden sich nicht von den Kontrollfällen. Die Mengen von Karbohydrat und Proteoglycan waren deutlich erhöht in der Knochenmatrix der osteoarthrotischen Knochen (P〈0,01 bzw. P〈0,001). In den EDTA Extrakten war der Gehalt an Sialoprotein und Proteoglycan bei den osteoarthrotischen Hüftköpfen deutlich höher (P〈 0,05 bzw. P〈 0,01). Im LKRT war der Gehalt an Hexose and sialischer Säure höher im osteoarthrotischen Knochen (P〈0,01), während im UKRT alle Analysen deutlich h6her waren im osteoarthrotischen Knochen (P〈0,001). Das Verhältnis von Kollagen zum kollagefreien Anteil war niedriger im osteoarthrotischen als im normalen Knochen. Quantitative and qualitative Veränderungen in Knochenproteinen des osteoarthrotischen Hüftkopfes, wie sie die vorliegende Studie ausweist, lassen vermuten, daß Veranderungen im subchondralen Knochen eine wichtige Rolle spielen in der Pathophysiologie der Degeneration des Gelenkknorpels bei Osteoarthrosis.
    Notes: Summary Using EDTA extraction and collagenase digestion, cancellous bone from the femoral heads of ten normal and eight osteoarthrotic individuals was analyzed for its content of collagen, sialoprotein, proteoglycan, and carbohydrate. The EDTA extractability of the matrix proteins of the osteoarthrotic bone was significantly increased (P〈 0.001), as was the soluble collagenase-resistant fraction (SCRF). EDTA residues, bone matrix size, the collagenase-resistant fraction (CRF), and the insoluble collagenase-resistant fraction (ICRF) of the osteoarthrotic cases were not different from those of the controls. The amounts of carbohydrate and proteoglycans were considerably elevated in the bone matrix of the osteoarthrotic bone (P〈0.01 and P〈0.001, respectively). In the EDTA extracts, sialoprotein and proteoglycan contents were found in significant higher amounts (P〈0.05 and P〈0.01, respectively) in the osteoarthrotic cases. In the SCRF, the hexose and sialic acid contents were higher in the osteoarthrotic bone (P〈0.01), while in the ICRF all the analyses were significantly increased in the osteoarthrotic bone (P〈0.001). The ratios of collagen to non-collagenaus components were lower in the osteoarthrotic than in normal bones. The quantitative and qualitative variations in cancellous bone proteins from the femoral head in osteoarthrosis found in this study suggest that alterations in subchondral bone play a role in the pathophysiology of cartilage degeneration in osteoarthrosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: HLA-DR genes ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; Systemic lupus erythematosus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Epidemiological studies have shown that rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus are uncommon in black Africans, and in this population the prevalence and the clinical features of these rheumatic diseases are variable. Environmental and genetic factors have been pointed out to explain this variability. In the present study, HLA-DR genes have been determined in a Zaïrean population in order to compare our results with those found elsewhere in other black populations of the same Bantu origin. Our results show that the frequency of HLA-DR1 is higher than in Nigerians, Zimbabweans and Xhosas, the decrease in Xhosas being statistically significant (p〈0.006). The HLA-DR3 frequency is higher in Zaïreans than in Nigerians but not significantly, while it is lower than in Xhosas (p〈0.003) and in Zimbabweans (not significant). The HLA-DR4 frequency is higher in Zaïreans than in Nigerians but it is lower than in Xhosas and Zimbabweans; the differences are not statistically significant. The HLA-DR8 frequency is lower in Zaïreans than in Nigerians while it is higher than in Xhosas (p〈0.002) and in Zimbabweans (not significant). These data suggest that genetic factors partly explain the clinical and epidemiological variability of rheumatic diseases in black Africans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 12 (1993), S. 268-270 
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Ankylosing Spondylitis ; Zaïre
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ankylosing spondylitis has never been described in Zaïre and is considered to be rare in black African populations. We report two cases observed in the University Hospital of Kinshasa. The two patients are brothers. The diagnosis is based on anaemnestic, clinical and radiological findings. We therefore demonstrate the existence of this disease in Zaïre and presume that other similar cases may be diagnosed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 2 (1983), S. 369-374 
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Timegadine ; D-penicillamine ; Rheumatoid Arthritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Forty-four patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis were entered in a 48-week open study, comparing the long-term effects of Timegadine and D-penicillamine. Twenty-three and 21 patients were respectively allocated to the Timegadine and D-penicillamine groups. Two patients of the former group were lost for follow-up, soon after the first baseline. Thus data were available only for 42 patients, 21 in each group of whom eleven completed the 48-week period in each group. Seven patients in the Timegadine group stopped because of ineffectiveness, 2 because of skin eruption and 1 because of acute interstitial pneumonitis. In the D-penicillamine group, 9 patients dropped out: 3 because of proteinuria, 2 because of stomatitis, 1 because of dizziness and 1 because of headache. Pain (visual analogue scale), number of swollen and painful joints improved significantly in both groups (p〈0.05). The acute phase reactants α1-acid-glycoprotein and ESR and the thrombocyte count significantly decreased in the penicillamine group (p〈0.05). The other clinical, hematological and immunological tests did not change; neither did the liver and kidney function tests. The clinical results suggest that Timegadine is as effective as D-penicillamine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. D-penicillamine takes advantage over Timegadine by decreasing significantly the acute phase reactants. However, Timegadine has a low profile of side-effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 3 (1984), S. 262-262 
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 3 (1984), S. 540-540 
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 16 (1997), S. 222-224 
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Clinical rheumatology 16 (1997), S. 492-494 
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-9949
    Keywords: Ankylosing spondylitis ; HLA-B27 ; Zaïre
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory rheumatic disease which is thought to be rarely seen in African Blacks. Its genetic predisposition has been stressed in Caucasians where the HLA-B27 antigen is firmly linked to the disease. In the present study, HLA-B27 antigen was determined in 146 individuals of Bantu root. Only one of these subjects was found to possess HLA-B27 antigen. This study correlates the low frequency of HLA-B27 with the observed scarcity of AS in patients attending a clinic in Kinshasa for osteoarticular diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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