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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlocal theory and turbulence of the sheath-driven electron temperature gradient instability (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 750-758 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A nonlocal linear theory of the sheath-driven ∇Te mode for a uniformly increasing temperature profile that properly includes effects of a varying Larmor radius has been developed. This theory was used to verify nonlinear fluid simulations of this mode in a two-dimensional slab. The nonlinear evolution of the mode was found to depend not only upon the growth rate, but also upon the variation of the E×B drift over the extent of the radial eigenmode. When the difference in the E×B drift frequency exceeded the growth rate, the linear mode structure was distorted at early times leading to a mixing of the vortices, which allowed a rapid nonlinear growth of the longer wavelengths. When the mode grew faster than any tilting of the vortices, the fluctuations remained coherent and localized for many growth times. Not until the fluctuations grew to very large amplitude (∼50%) did the longer wavelength modes grow and contribute to the turbulence. By comparing the analytical growth rate and the variation of the equilibrium drift frequency, a condition that predicts which state the mode will evolve to was derived in terms of physical parameters of the system. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1343513
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear saturation of the neutral driven interchange mode (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 3918-3924 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The nonlinear behavior of a flutelike interchange mode driven by a background neutral pressure gradient in the collisionless regime has been studied both numerically and analytically. It is found that the mode saturates when the current produced by the friction force of the perturbed E×B drift against the neutrals balances the equilibrium ion current. Based upon this physical picture of the saturation mechanism, an analytical expression for the magnitude of the fluctuation levels as a function of the collisionality and magetization of the plasma is derived. An important result from these simulations is that the mode always grows to a state where kyLN∼1. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873655
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction in transport by the parallel velocity shear instability due to reversed magnetic shear (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 3645-3651 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A nonlocal theory of the electrostatic parallel velocity shear instability in a three-dimensional slab with a uniformly sheared magnetic field has been developed. It is shown that in the limit of a weak parallel velocity gradient, the linear growth rate can be increased depending upon the direction of the magnetic shear (s(circumflex)) with respect to the radial curvature of the parallel velocity profile (d2v(parallel)/dx2). When these parameters have the same sign, the growth rate can actually be stronger than in the limit of no magnetic shear. In this limit of increased instability, the eigenmode is broadened, thus producing enhanced transport. This effect should be observable when the scale length of the curvature is of order ∼Lsρs. For strong parallel velocity gradients that are more typical of flows in tokamaks, the effect of the varying Doppler shift becomes more prominent on the stability of the mode, the net result being that the sensitivity of the growth rates on the sign of the magnetic shear becomes insignificant. This effect, however, is effectively offset when a finite density gradient is included. When the density scale length is of order the scale length of v(parallel), the growth rate is moderately reduced, but becomes dependent again upon the sign of the magnetic shear. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1382645
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear behavior of radiative modes in noncoronal equilibrium (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 2567-2576 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The nonlinear evolution of radiative modes with the effects of finite recombination time were studied in a uniformly magnetized quasi two-dimensional plasma. In the one-dimensional limit, it was found that a plasma in noncoronal equilibrium (impurities evolve at a slower rate than the temperature), radiative modes were modestly more stable and evolved at a slower rate. A new unstable state was found in which the plasma initially cooled, only to grow unstable to the radiative condensation mode. This nonlinearly unstable regime has a stability boundary an order of magnitude higher than that predicted by linear theory. For a parameter regime appropriate to the tokamak edge, the nonlinear condensation mode proved to be more unstable in noncoronal equilibrium than in coronal equilibrium. When two-dimensional effects were added, little difference was found in the behavior of the mode in coronal equilibrium, but in noncoronal equilibrium, a new state evolved in which the condensation initially grew, but then flattened as the plasma continued to heat at a constant rate. The results provide insight as to why condensations are observed in tokamaks when they are seemingly stable to condensation modes. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872235
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional simulations of the parallel velocity shear instability (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 4 (1997), S. 300-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The nonlinear mode structure and anomalous momentum transport of the electrostatic parallel velocity shear instability in a uniformly magnetized slab were studied using three-dimensional (3-D) nonlinear fluid simulations. Within this simplified model, the system depends upon two dimensionless parameters α=2πqRρs/Lv2, which is a ratio of the sound transit time to the linear growth time of the mode and ρ(circumflex)=ρs/LV, which is a ratio of the ion Larmor radius and the radial scale length of the parallel velocity profile. In the limit of ρ(circumflex)=0, the mode structure evolved nonlinearly to a state with m=2/α and n=1 for α〈1, and m=2 and n=α for α〉1 where m is the poloidal mode number and n is the toroidal mode number. The transport had a value of D∼ρscs/2 for all α. For ρ(circumflex)≠0 the system displayed a different saturated state, evolving to m=1 and n=α/2 for all α. The transport remained D∼ρscs/2 for all α. The effect of the Larmor radius is this 3-D system is similar to the well known inverse cascade in a two-dimensional incompressible fluid. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872090
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradykinin: Configurations of the Arginine Moieties and Biological Activity* (1965)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 4 (1965), S. 190-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00878a002
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactive ion etching of high-aspect-ratio 100 nm linewidth features in tungsten (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 2172-2174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The subtractive patterning of fine-linewidth (sub-250-nm) tungsten absorbers for x-ray masks requires the ability to etch features with high aspect ratios and vertical sidewalls. In this letter, a reactive-ion-etching process which meets these requirements is described. The etch gases used are SF6 and H2. It is further shown that an intermittent etch process, whereby the sample is vented to atmosphere in between etches results in an etch profile with vertical tungsten sidewalls. This interrupted etching is compared with the results from continuous etching. The straighter sidewalls in the case of the interrupted etch suggests a passivation of the sidewalls which occurs during the venting process. Results are presented to show etching of 100 nm gratings and 200 nm dot arrays. An in situ endpoint detection method developed for the reactive-ion-etching system is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.111666
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron energy loss in thin metallic films (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 678-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Schottky diodes with patterned overlayers of thin metal films have provided a method to measure the energy loss of high energy electrons in the metal films. The technique avoids the problems of surface contamination and electron collection which complicate measurements on freestanding films. The patterned overlayer creates a modulation in the reverse biased diode current as a beam of focused electrons is moved across the diode surface. The amplitude of the modulation has been measured with overlayers of aluminum and gold for incident electron energies of 5 to 30 keV. The results have been compared to that predicted from a Monte Carlo calculation of the inelastic and elastic scattering of the incident electrons. Significantly better agreement between experiment and simulation is observed when the screened Rutherford cross section in the Monte Carlo code is replaced by an empirical expression for the Mott scattering formula. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.116589
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition of the Oleoresin of Douglas Fir. (1925)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 17 (1925), S. 193-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50182a043
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibrio disease in eels (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 8 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This is a first confirmed report of vibriosis or ‘red-pest’ from wild eel (Anguilla anguilla) stocks in Great Britain. It is postulated that the epizootic was provoked by severe stress resulting from the abnormally high estuarine water temperatures and low freshwater flows present in affected rivers at the time. Bacteriological characteristics of the isolate, which was classified as a Vibrio sp., are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1976.tb03955.x
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