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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the Biosynthesis of Discorhabdin B in the New Zealand Sponge Latrunculia sp. B (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of natural products 58 (1995), S. 306-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6025
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50116a028
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The phytotoxicity ofFusarium metabolites: An update since 1989 (1996)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 133 (1996), S. 163-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: antibiotics ; Fusarium metabolites ; mycotoxins ; pigments ; phytotoxins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present article summarises the published phytotoxic effects of severalFusarium metabolites (mycotoxins, phytotoxins, antibiotics and pigments) since 1989. The phytotoxicity of many of the commonly isolated metabolites cannot be disputed, but their role in pathogenesis ofFusarium-induced plant diseases is uncertain. Plant species/varieties differ in their susceptibililty resistance to these toxinsin vitro, as well as toFusarium pathogens under field conditions. Such variations in plant response may reflect resistance mechanisms that operate at several levels, including an initial ability to prevent fungal invasion; prevention of fungal spread and toxin tolerance or degradation. Little is known about the mode of action of most of these metabolites on either animal or plant cells. Several novelFusarium metabolites have been isolated in the past few years. Many are toxic to animals and cell lines, but assessment of their phytotoxicity has largely been neglected. Since many plant pathogenic Fusaria produce a plethora of metabolites, the additive or synergistic actions of toxins in combination must be considered in plant pathology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373024
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro studies on the potential for biological control of Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium moniliforme by Trichoderma species (1997)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 137 (1997), S. 115-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Aspergillus flavus ; extracellular metabolites ; Fusarium moniliforme ; Trichoderma spp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Culture filtrates of Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma harzianum were inhibitory of Fusarium moniliforme and, to a lesser extent, Aspergillus flavus. The degree of inhibition was, however, dependent on the carbon or nitrogen source incorporated into the medium. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the development of abnormal fruiting structures on exposure to some Trichoderma culture filtrate, while macroscopically, growth restriction and, in the case of A. flavus, altered colony colouration were observed. Based on the results of inverted colony culture, it would appear that some isolates of Trichoderma produce inhibitory volatile compounds. The production of possible antibiotics was also demonstrated. The aggressive behaviour (towards A. flavus and F. moniliforme) demonstrated by Trichoderma spp. may be partly explained by the liberation of extracellular enzymes by these fungi. An isolate of T. viride exhibited amylolytic, pectinolytic, proteolytic and cellulolytic activity. Based on the results of the present investigation, Trichoderma spp. are potential candidates for biocontrol of some mycotoxin-producing fungi, but there exists some doubt as to their osmotolerance within the air-dry seed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006802423729
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro studies on the potential for biological control of Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium moniliforme by Trichoderma species (1997)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 139 (1997), S. 115-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Aspergillus ; biological control ; Fusarium ; Trichoderma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The possible biological control of the seed-associated fungi, Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium moniliforme by Trichoderma species was investigated. A study of the fungal growth in dual cultures revealed that four of nine isolates of two Trichoderma spp. (T. harzianum and T. viride) inhibited fungal growth. A scanning electron microscopical investigation of fungal interactions demonstrated no obvious hyphae penetration of A. flavus or F. moniliforme by Trichoderma spp. Morphological alteration of Fusarium hyphae with pronounced collapse and the production of aberrant conidial heads and microheads by A. flavus were observed. The results suggest that mycoparasitism is not the mechanism involved in the inhibitory interaction of either A. flavus or F. moniliforme with Trichoderma spp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006867907885
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aflatoxin B1-induced ultrastructural alterations in matureZea mays embryos (1994)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 128 (1994), S. 181-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Aflatoxin B1 ; Embryo ; Mature ; Ultrastructure ; Zea mays L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mature maize (Zea mays L.) embryos were exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 25 µg/ml for 9 days. With increasing toxin concentration above 2 µg/ml, primary root elongation of germinated embryos was progressively inhibited, to reach a maximum value of 81% at 25 µ/ml toxin. An ultrastructural investigation of the subcellular alterations induced following toxin exposure provided evidence of deteriorative changes in several compartments of the plant cell. Alteration in membrane integrity (e.g., the tonoplast, plasmalemma and inner mitochondrial membrane) was a frequent feature of many cells. Apparent fusion of vacuoles, incorporation of cytoplasmic components into vacuoles and intravacuolar membrane whorls might be interpreted as deteriorative alterations. The results are discussed in the light of ultrastructural findings for other plant systems exposed to similar AFB1 concentrations, as well as findings for animal systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01138481
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The phytotoxicity of selected mycotoxins on mature, germinatingZea mays embryos (1995)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 132 (1995), S. 173-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Deoxynivalenol ; Embryo ; Mature ; Ochratoxin ; Plantlet ; Zearalenone ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mature maize (Zea mays) embryos were exposed to 5, 10 and 25 µg ml−1 of deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), ochratoxin A (OA) and a mixture of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol (ZEA/DON) for 9 days. DON and the ZEA/DON combination were consistently more inhibitory of the measured parameters than either ZEA or OA. Based on the predicted additive values, it would appear that, in combination, ZEA and DON act synergistically to inhibit root and shoot growth. For ZEA alone, a concentration of 5 µg ml−1 ZEA was generally inhibitory of root and shoot elongation and fresh mass accumulation, while at 10 and 25 µg ml−1, this toxin had a stimulatory effect on these parameters. For OA, the measured effects on root and shoot growth at 5 and 25 µg ml−1 were stimulatory, while at 10 µg ml−1 OA, an inhibitory effect was observed. For all toxins, inhibitory/stimulatory effects were generally more marked for root parameters than for shoot elongation or mass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01103984
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