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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Glycosaminoglycans and struvite calculi (1994)
    Springer
    World journal of urology 12 (1994), S. 49-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are suspended in urine and are present on tissue surfaces in the urinary tract. Consequently, they have the potential to influence any pathological disorder in this environment, including urinary tract infections by Proteus mirabilis and struvite (NH4MgPO4·6H2O) urolithiasis. Although GAGs, suspended in urine, may inhibit the formation of other types of calculus minerals, no such effect has been reported in struvite calculi. Nevertheless, GAGs are a major component of the organic matrix of all types of urinary calculi. In contrast, there is evidence that the GAG layer on the bladder surface may act as a defence mechanism against infection by inhibiting bacterial adhesion. More studies are needed to elucidate fully the role of GAGs in urinary infections and struvite urolithiasis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00182051
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A simple technique for studying struvite crystal growth in vitro (1990)
    Springer
    Urological research 18 (1990), S. 39-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Schlagwort(e): Struvite ; Urolithiasis ; Proteus mirabilis ; Crystallization ; Light microscopy ; Urease
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Struvite urolithiasis forms as a consequence of a urinary tract infection by urease-producing species of bacteria such as Proteus mirabilis. Ammonia, produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis of urea, elevates urine pH causing a supersaturation and precipitation of Mg++ as struvite (NH4MgPO4). Calcium often precipitates as well, forming the mineral carbonate-apatite (Ca10(PO4)6CO3). We have developed a procedure based on direct observation by light microscopy whereby struvite crystal growth can be quickly monitored in response to chemical changes in urine. As struvite crystals assume a characteristic shape or crystal habit based on their growth rate, the effect of urine chemistry and the action of various crystallization or urease inhibitors on struvite formation can be quickly shown. In addition preliminary effects of alkaline pH, or the presence of toxic compounds on bacteria can also be shown through their loss of motility.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294580
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy on bacterial viability (1990)
    Springer
    Urological research 18 (1990), S. 425-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Schlagwort(e): Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy ; Bacteria ; Stones
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The aim of this study was to determine whether extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) affected the viability of the infecting bacteria within a simulated struvite stone matrix. A strain, Proteus mirabilis 28cii, was prepared in three forms: (1) suspended in saline and urine, (2) artificially encapsulated by suspending in agar beads and (3) artificially encapsulated and mineralised by suspending in agar beads with calcium carbonate crystals. The preparations were placed in capped vials partially immersed in degassed water and held in the focal point of the Siemens Lithostar and given 1,000 shocks. Subsequent viability testing showed that bacteria suspended in urine were greatly affected by shock treatments (55% loss in viability), but incorporation into agar beads negated this effect (even if the cells were exposed to 2000 shocks). Mineralisation of the beads with calcium carbonate crystals caused a decrease in viability of 82% that was significantly different from controls. However, this still left 2.3×108 viable organisms (82% of 2.8×108), easily enough to form the focus for further infections. A series of control experiments carried out using an ultrasonic cell sonicator probe gave comparable results to those obtained with ESWL. These results demonstrate that ESWL treatment of infected stones must be accompanied by antimicrobial coverage.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297377
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The development of bacterial biofilms on indwelling urethral catheters (1999)
    Springer
    World journal of urology 17 (1999), S. 345-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The biofilm mode of growth has been implicated in the majority of human bacterial infections. In the urinary tract, notable biofilm-associated infections include prostatitis, chronic cystitis, struvite urolithiasis, and catheter-associated infections. Biofilms protect the causative organisms from host defences and antimicrobial therapy. Biofilm formation has traditionally been considered to result from adhesion and capsule formation by adherent microorganisms. Recent work has shown that a large number of genes are activated during this process, some of which have been associated with twitching motility, quorum sensing, and slow growth. In this paper, we review some of the recent work on biofilm biology and highlight its role in urinary tract infections, particularly those associated with urinary catheters.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003450050159
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Repeated use of Bacillus subtilis cell walls for copper binding (1994)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 10 (1994), S. 472-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Schlagwort(e): Bacillus subtilis ; bioremediation ; copper ; Gram-positive walls
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract Purified cell walls from Bacillus subtilis were repeatedly suspended in 5 mm CuCl2 and, after removing unbound Cu, were suspended in 1% (v/v) HNO3 to release bound Cu. The walls were then regenerated by washing in H2O. After five cycles, copper binding actually increased slightly, probably due to enhanced exposure of binding sites in the walls. Thus bacterial walls may be used repeatedly for metal removal during bioremediation of heavy metal pollution.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00144475
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