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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 26 (1985), S. 2540-2545 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The notion of observables localized with respect to a general spectral measure is introduced as a generalization of the localization with respect to the spectral measure of the position observable. The physical features of these observables are discussed and certain of their algebraic and lattice theoretic properties are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 8 (1984), S. 956-961 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La scintigraphie au201Tl (thallium marqué) a été étudiée chez 117 malades qui présentaient un nodule thyroïdien solitaire et que le99mTc avait montré dénué d'hyperfonctionnement et dont le diagnostic histologique était assuré. Vingt-cinq fois le nodule était malin et quatre-vingt-douze fois il était de nature bénigne. Dans le but de distinguer la lésion maligne de la lésion bénigne, le degré d'accumulation du201Tl a été dosé. Un classement a été établi en comparant l'accumulation au niveau du nodule d'une part et au niveau du tissu paranodulaire (PN) d'autre part (1-absence; 2-absorption inférieure à celle du PN; 3-egalité d'absorption; 4-absorption légèrement supérieure à celle du PN; 5-absorption très supérieure). Aucun des sujets répondant au type 1 et 2 ne présentait de lésion maligne. Des 25 malades qui présentaient un kyste thyroïdien, 21 répondaient au type 1 et 4 autres au type 2. Les 65 cas d'adénomes bénins répondaient à tous les types; cependant 45% d'entre eux étaient du type 3. En cas de lésions malignes, l'absorption du201Tl était égale ou supérieure à celle du tissu paranodulaire. La fréquence de la malignité de la lésion fut de 17% pour le type 3, de 15% pour le type 4 et de 65% pour le type 5. De ces faits, on peut conclure que la scintigraphie avec le201Tl ne permet pas d'affirmer la malignité en toute certitude mais que l'hyperfixation (les types 1–4 étant considérés comme normaux, le type 5 étant considéré comme anormal) est en faveur de la malignité dans 67% du cas alors que la valeur du test négatif en faveur de la bénignité est de 90%. La scintigraphie au201Tl en présence d'un nodule thyroïdien, permet en fonction de ses données quantitatives de renforcer ou d'atténuer l'hypothèse de malignité de la lésion.
    Abstract: Resumen El rol de la centellografía con cloruro de radiotalio201Tl fué evaluado en 117 pacientes con nódulos tiroideos solitarios que aparecían como no funcionantes con pertecnetato99mTc y en los cuales se obtuvo diagnóstico histológico. El nódulo resultó maligno en 25 pacientes y benigno en 92. En un intento por mejorar la discriminación diagnóstica inicial entre lesiones malignas y benignas, se realizó la evaluación semicuantitativa del grado de acumulación de201Tl por el nódulo. La captación fué clasificada mediante la comparación de la acumulación efectuada por el nodulo con la efectuada por el tejido vecino paranodular (PN): grado 1: ausencia de captación; 2: captación mínima pero menor que en PN; 3: captación igual a la de PN; 4: captación medianamente preferencial en comparación con PN; 5: captación marcadamente aumentada. Ninguno de los pacientes con grados 1 y 2 tuvieron neoplasia maligna. De 25 pacientes con quistes histológicamente confirmados, 21 exhibieron captación de grado 1, y 4 de grado 2. Los adenomas benignos (67 pacientes) aparecieron asociados con todos los grados, 45% de ellos con captación de grado 3. La captación de102Tl por las lesiones malignas apareció, en todos los casos, por lo menos igual o mayor que la del PN (grados 3–5). La incidencia de malignidad fué de 17% en nódulos con captación de grado 3, de 15% en el grado 4 y de 67% en el grado 5. Por consiguiente, se puede sugerir que entre mayor sea el grado de acumulación preferencial del radiotelio en un nódulo no funcionante mayor debe ser la sospecha de malignidad. Se considera que la centellografía de talio no es de por sí una investigación definitiva en el cáncer tiroideo pero, teniendo en cuenta que el valor de predicción de malignidad con estricto umbral decisorio (grados 1–4 considerados como normales y grado 5 como anormal) es de 67%, y que el valor de predicción de una prueba negativa es de 90%, el procedimiento aparece como de utilidad en la investigación de nódulos tiroideos solitarios no funcionantes, puesto que incrementa la sospecha de malignidad o porque indica una muy baja probabilidad de transformación neoplácica.
    Notes: Abstract The role of radiothallium201Tl chloride scintigraphy was evaluated in 117 patients with solitary thyroid nodules, demonstrated as nonfunctioning with99mTc pertechnetate, and in which histologic diagnosis was obtained. The nodules were malignant in 25 patients and benign in 92. In an attempt to improve the initial diagnostic discrimination between malignant and benign lesions, the degree of accumulation of201Tl by the nodule was assessed semiquantiatively. The uptake was graded by comparing the accumulation by the nodule with that in the paranodular tissue (PN) (1-absent; 2-minimal uptake but lower than in PN; 3-uptake equal to PN; 4-mildly preferential uptake in comparison with PN; 5-markedly increased uptake). None of the patients with grade 1 or grade 2 uptake had malignant disease. Of 25 patients with histologically confirmed cysts, 21 had uptake of grade 1 and 4 of grade 2. Benign adenomas (67 patients) were associated with all grades, 45% having grade 3 uptake. Uptake of201Tl in malignant lesions was in all instances at least equal to paranodular tissue or higher (grades 3–5). The incidence of malignancy was 17% in grade 3, 15% in grade 4, and 67% in grade 5 uptake. It is considered that thallium scintigraphy is not by itself a definitive investigation for thyroid cancer but, since the predictive value of malignancy with strict decision threshold (grades 1–4 considered normal and grade 5 abnormal) is 67%, and predictive value of a negative test is 90%, the procedure does have a useful role in investigation of nonfunctioning solitary thyroid nodules either by heightening the suspicion of malignancy or by indicating a very low probability of malignant change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of colorectal disease 7 (1992), S. 173-176 
    ISSN: 1432-1262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Une scintigraphie du temps de transit colique par ingestion d'indium-acide 111 diethylène-triaminepentaacetique a été réalisée chez 41 sujets sains (22 femmes et 19 hommes) en vue de rechercher la variabilité avec l'âge et le sexe et de définir les écarts normaux. Des études répétées ont été réalisées chez 10 femmes et 9 hommes pour s'assurer de la variabilité chez un même sujet. Les femmes montraient un transit colique peu mais significativement plus lent que les hommes et une variabilité chez un même individu un peu plus grande. Il n'y avait pas de corrélation entre l'âge et le transit colique. Ces résultats ont une implication pour la définition des écarts normaux.
    Notes: Abstract Oral colon transit scintigraphy using indium-111 diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid was performed in 41 healthy subjects (22 females, 19 males) to determine variability with age and sex and to define normal ranges. Repeat studies were performed in 10 females and 9 males to assess intra-subject variability. Females showed slightly but significantly slower colonic transit than men and slightly greater intra-subject variability. There was no correlation between age and colonic transit. The results have implications for the definition of normal ranges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Foundations of physics 24 (1994), S. 715-737 
    ISSN: 1572-9516
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The orthodox presentation of quantum theory often includes statements on state preparation and measurements without mentioning how these processes can be achieved. The often quoted projection postulate is regarded by many as problematical. This paper presents a systematic framework for state preparation and measurement. Within the existing Hilbert space formulation of quantum mechanics for spinless particles we show that it is possible (1)to prepare an arbitrary state and (2)to reduce all quantum measurements to local position measurements in an asymptotic way by unitary evolution processes without recourse to the projection postulate. A generalization to spin-1/2particles is also given. The theory presented provides a general mathematical and theoretical foundation for many practical schemes for state preparation and measurement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Foundations of physics 24 (1994), S. 739-751 
    ISSN: 1572-9516
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the present paper we give a precise definition of a hidden-variable theory for quantum mechanics, whereby we adopt the weakest possible definition of a hidden-variable theory, which is compatible with the assumption that the bounded observables of a quantum mechanical system are represented by the elements of the real part Ar of a W*-algebra A (of the most general type) and the states are represented by the “normal states” (in the mathematical sense) of A. We then go on to show that an example put forward by Bell in 1966 satisfies our definition (Sec. 2). Finally we make use of Bell's famous theorem to show that for a sufficiently non-commutative W*-algebra A no hidden-variable theory in our sense exists (Theorem 3.3 and its corollaries).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING ; GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY ; DIAGNOSIS ; OUTCOME AND PROCESS ASSESSMENT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We performed a retrospective utilization studycovering a four-year period to determine how physiciansfamiliar with colon transit scintigraphy (CTS) use it tomanage patients with chronic constipation. Following CTS, there was a change is bothfrequency and likelihood of diagnosis. The diagnosis waschanged in 51% of patients — 37% of thoseconsidered to have slow transit constipation (STC)before CTS, 43% with obstructed defecation, and 64% withfunctional bowel disease (FBD). CTS increased thediagnostic likelihood in all groups. Of patients withthe diagnosis of STC, 16% were considered “almost certain” before CTS while 83% wereconsidered “almost certain” after CTS. ForFBD comparable percentages were 13% and 62%. CTS mayplay a major role in the diagnostic work-up of patientswith chronic constipation, both altering diagnosis andincreasing diagnostic certainty.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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