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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coupling of Inositol Phospholipid Metabolism with Excitatory Amino Acid Recognition Sites in Rat Hippocampus (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 46 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Ibotenate, a rigid structural analogue of glutamate, markedly enhances the hydrolysis of membrane inositol phospholipids, as reflected by the stimulation of [3H]inositol monophosphate formation in rat hippocampal slices prelabeled with [3H]inositol and treated with Li+. Quisqualate, homocysteate, l-glutamate, and l-aspartate also induce a significant (albeit weaker) increase in [3H]inositol monophosphate formation, whereas N-methyl-d-aspartate, kainate, quinolinate, and N-acetylaspartylglutamate are inactive. The increase in [3H]inositol monophosphate formation elicited by the above-mentioned excitatory amino acids is potently and selectively antagonized by dl-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid, a dicarboxylic amino acid receptor antagonist. These results suggest that, in the hippocampus, a class of dicarboxylic amino acid recognition sites is coupled with phospholipase C, the enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane inositol phospholipids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb12922.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    OCCURRENCE AND LOCALIZATION OF BRAIN PHENOLSULPHOTRANSFERASE (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 23 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: —Rat brain contains the enzyme which forms sulphate conjugates of phenols, phenolsulphotransferase (EC 2.8.2.1), but the physiological role of the enzyme is unclear. The enzyme is unevenly distributed in rat brain, with the activity 13 times higher in the hypothalamus than in the cerebellum. Phenolsulphotransferase does not seem to be primarily located in glial cells. Cultured cells (type C6 astrocytoma) derived from rat glia had less than 1 per cent of the phenolsulphotransferase activity of whole rat brain. Sulphate conjugation of neutral compounds may be important in their removal from brain. The pineal and pituitary glands, areas outside the blood-brain barrier had very low phenolsulphotransferase activity. The activity of the enzyme in brain varied widely among different species: rabbit and rat had much higher levels of activity than mouse or frog; the activity in human brain was intermediate. Phenolsulphotransferase also occurred in other organs, including liver, heart, testes, lung, spleen, salivary glands, and intact or decentralized superior cervical ganglion. There was no correlation of enzyme activity with adrenergic or cholinergic innervation, or with the known roles of various tissues in drug metabolism or detoxification. The enzyme activity does not seem to be under neuronal control since ganglionectomy did not affect the phenolsulphotransferase activity of salivary glands. The precise localization of phenolsulphotransferase remains to be established, as well as the physiological importance of sulphate conjugation of phenols in brain and other organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1974.tb04358.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TRYPTOPHAN 5-HYDROXYLASE: APPROXIMATION OF HALF-LIFE AND RATE OF AXONAL TRANSPORT (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 19 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: —The half-life of tryptophan 5-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.3) in rats was estimated from the return of enzyme activity after administration of p-chlorophenylalanine and from the decline of enzyme activity in spinal cord after transection or an intraspinal injection of colchicine. The half-life was 2–3 days. Axonal transport of enzyme, estimated from the reappearance of activity in consecutive portions of spinal cord after treatment with p-chlorophenylalanine, was of the order of 5–7 mm/day. This rate is characteristic of 'slow’axonal flow. Our results suggest that changes in the synthesis of new enzyme are probably not responsible for acute changes in the turnover of serotonin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1972.tb05096.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BIOGENIC AMINES AND THEIR METABOLITES AS SUBSTRATES FOR PHENOL SULPHOTRANSFERASE (EC 2.8.2.1) OF BRAIN AND LIVER (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 21 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Phenol sulphotransferase activity in homogenates of rat liver and brain was determined spectrophotometrically. Rat liver had about 100-fold more phenol sulphotransferase activity than brain; however, both tissues showed about the same spectrum of activity towards the phenolic compounds tested. Dopamine and its acidic and neutral metabolites and the neutral metabolites of norepinephrine were the compounds most readily sulphury-lated in vitro. They were also the compounds most readily sulphurylated in vivo when they were injected intraventricularly together with labelled Na2SO4. When labelled Na2SO4 was injected alone, we detected conjugation of endogenous phenols. One of the compounds formed was identified by its chromatographic characteristics as 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylethyleneglycol sulphate. We detected other conjugates which appeared to be the sulphate esters of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol; 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid; and homovanillic acid. In brain, sulphate conjugation may be a major route of metabolism for many of the phenolic compounds related to the biogenic amines and possibly for phenolic drugs which enter the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1973.tb04220.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS AND THE METABOLISM OF INTRACEREBRALLY INJECTED TRYPTAMINE, 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE, AND NOREPINEPHRINE (1970)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 17 (1970), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Rats were injected intracerebrally with labelled tryptamine, 5-hydroxytrypt-amine (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE). The disappearance of the amines and their metabolites as a function of time was determined. Tryptamine disappeared very rapidly, with a half-life of 5 min in normal animals and of 45 min in rats treated with a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. The level of radioactive 5-HT declined in two phases, with half-lives of 45 min and 3 h respectively. The 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) that was formed disappeared with a half-life of approximately 1 h. After inhibition of monoamine oxidase, there was only a single phase of 5-HT disappearance (half-life of 4 h). Reserpine decreased and imipramine increased the amount of 5-HT remaining 4 h after injection. Of the NE injected, 12 per cent was converted to methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol sulphate (MHPGS), which disappeared with a half life of 3 h. Reserpine doubled the amount of methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol sulfate formed, but did not alter its rate of disappearance, its peak concentration occurring about 30 min after injection of NE in both control and reserpine-treated rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1970.tb11387.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of Biosynthesis of Catecholamines and Serotonin in the CNS (1974)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Pharmacology 14 (1974), S. 491-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-1642
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pa.14.040174.002423
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of Acetylcholine Turnover Rate in Brain: An Adjunct to a Simple HPLC Method for Choline and Acetylcholine (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 43 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: An existing method for measuring acetylcholine (ACh) and choline (Ch) is shown to be useful formeasuring the turnover rate of ACh in mouse brain. Methl-[3H]Ch is injected into mice. They are killed atdifferent times by microwave irradiation and Ch and AChextracted and separated by reverse-phase HPLC. Ch andACh are converted to hydrogen peroxide by a post-column enzyme reaction. Hydrogen peroxide, which isdirectly related to the tissue content of Ch or ACh, isdetermined electrochemically. The fractions that corre-spond to the detector response for Ch and ACh are col-lected for the measurement of radioactivity. In this wayspecific radioactivities of endogenous Ch and ACh areestimated in the same sample. We used the specific ra-dioactivity values determined by this procedure to esti-mate the turnover of ACh for striatum, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus of the mouse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb06712.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Redundant structure concepts in finite element analyses (1975)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 9 (1975), S. 765-773 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper examines two triangular finite elements used in plate bending analyses for which Lagrange multiplier techniques have been used to set up the necessary equations for the solution. These equations involve either equilibrium of the system or the inter-element compatibility. Starting from only the notions of equilibrium and continuity as used in the analyses of redundant structures, the paper proceeds to solutions of the same problems. It is found that end results are the same when the equations obtained from the minimization techniques are reduced by Gauss-elimination in partitioned from.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620090403
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contour plotting of data using isoparametric element representation (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 954-957 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100421
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ‘Infinite domain’ elements (1981)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 17 (1981), S. 43-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A parametric element is formulated which enables the economic modelling of ‘infinite domain’ type problmes. A typical problem is an opening in a stress field in an infinite medium, either in two or three dimensions. The strategy is to model around the opening with two or three layers of conventional isoparametric finite elements and surround these with a single layer of ‘infinite domain’ elements.Several sample problems has been analysed for circular, square and spherical openings in infinite media, and the results compared with either theoretical or boundary element solutions which include the ‘infinite’ boundary in their solution technique.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620170104
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