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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Macrophage Populations in Different Stages of Induced Hepatic Metastases in Rats: an Immunohistochemical Analysis (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 38 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Macrophages play a role in the host defence against cancer. Little is known about changes in macrophage populations during early metastatic growth. To evaluate the distribution, number and phenotype of macrophages in the development of hepatic metastases in a rat model (Wag/Rij rats and syngeneic CC531 colon carcinoma cell line), an immunohistochemical study was performed with the monoclonal antibodies ED1 (monocytes, and all macrophages), ED2 (resident tissue macrophages, like Kupffer cells) and ED3 (a subpopulation of macrophages which may play a role in the recruitment of lymphocytes). OX19 and Hisl4 were used to identify lymphocytes. In this study a new monoclonal antibody CC52 is described, which recognizes the CC531 tumour cell line. Liver metastases were induced by injection of CC53I colon carcinoma cells into a mesenteric vein. Rats were killed at various intervals. Results show three major macrophage populations during hepatic tumour growth: (1) on day 3, infiltrates are observed around the micrometastases, which contain mainly newly recruited macrophages (ED1+ and ED2−); (2) after 7 days, ED3-positive (ED3 +) macrophages together with T lymphocytes are found in the infiltrates; (3) an increase in the number of ED2-positive (ED2+) Kupffer cells is observed in the liver parenchyma after 14 days. In conclusion, the present results suggest that various populations of macrophages, newly recruited (ED1+) as well as resident Kupffer cells (ED2+), are involved in the immune response against tumour cell deposits in the liver.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1993.tb01688.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reliability of intraoperative frozen section and imprint cytological investigation of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer (1999)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 35 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The sentinel lymph node procedure enables selective targeting of the first draining lymph node, where the initial metastases will form. A negative sentinel node (SN) predicts the absence of tumour metastases in the other regional lymph nodes with high accuracy. This means that in the case of a negative SN, regional lymph node dissection is no longer necessary. Besides saving costs, this will prevent many side-effects of lymph node dissection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of intraoperative cytological and frozen section investigation of the SN to detect metastases. This would allow the axillary lymph node dissection to be performed in the same session as the SN procedure and the excision of the primary tumour in case of a positive SN.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods and resultsSeventy-four SNs were detected by gamma probe detection of nanocolloid and visual localization of Patent Blue accumulations in 54 women with stage T1–2N0M0 invasive breast cancer. The identified SN were immediately investigated by frozen section and imprint cytological investigation. Diagnoses were confirmed on the paraffin material, and in case of negative frozen section and paraffin haematoxylin and eosin sections, skip sections and immunohistochemistry were performed. Thirty-one SNs (42%) contained metastases, of which 27 were detected by the frozen section procedure (sensitivity 87%). There were no false positives (specificity 100%). The sensitivity of the imprints was 62% with a specificity of 100%. When evaluating the data per patient, for the frozen section procedure the sensitivity was 91% and the specificity 100%, and for the imprints, the sensitivity was 63% and the specificity 100%. There were no SNs in which the imprints showed metastases and the frozen section did not.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionsIntraoperative frozen section analysis is a reliable procedure by which a high percentage of sentinel lymph node metastases can be detected in breast cancer patients without false positive results. This allows the surgeon to perform an immediate axillary lymph node dissection in case of positive SNs. In up to 10% of cases, the final paraffin sections will reveal micrometastases that were not detected by the frozen section, and in these patients axillary lymph node dissection will have to be performed in a second session. The imprint method is significantly less sensitive than the frozen section but may be used as an alternative when frozen section is not possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.1999.00667.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anal sphincter imaging in fecal incontinence using endosonography (1992)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 35 (1992), S. 59-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Ultrasound ; Anal sphincters ; Fecal incontinence ; Manometry ; Electromyography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Clinical anal examination, manometry (resting and squeeze pressures), and single-fiber electromyography were compared with endosonography of the anal sphincters in 14 patients with fecal incontinence. Technical aspects of the procedure and normal imaging of the puborectal muscle and both sphincters were defined. Defects in both sphincters were seen in nine patients. The defect is visualized as a clear discontinuity in the muscular ring. Compared with the conventional studies, anal endosonography gave significant information in six patients (four male patients after perianal surgery and two women), showing sphincter defects in five patients and integrity of the sphincters in another one. This information obtained by endosonography was important in understanding the type and extension of the lesion and deciding upon the surgical repair. Anal endosonography is an imaging technique of the sphincters that can assess their integrity in fecal incontinence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02053340
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatic arterial 5-fluorouracil in patients with liver metastases of colorectal cancer: Single-centre experience in 145 patients (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 1563-1570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: 5-fluorouracil ; arterial access device ; chemotherapy ; colorectal cancer ; hepatic arterial chemotherapy ; liver metastases ; port-a-cath
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:Hepatic arterial chemotherapy for liver metastases ofcolorectal cancer is still under discussion. Mainly because of the technicalcomplications of this mode of treatment and the lack of a survival benefit inrandomized studies. We performed an analysis of hepatic arterial5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy in 145 consecutive patients treated at asingle institution. Patients and methods:One hundred forty-five patients withinoperable liver metastases from colorectal cancer were included. 5-FU, 1000mg/m2/day continuous infusion for five days every three weeks, wasdelivered in the hepatic artery by percutaneous catheter or arterial accessdevice. Results:The response rate was 34% for all patients,40% in patients with extrahepatic disease, and 15% in patientswith i.v. 5-FU-based pretreatment. TTP and OS for all patients were 7.5 and14.3 months, respectively. In patients with extrahepatic disease or i.v.5-FU-based pretreatment, OS was significantly shorter compared to patientswithout extrahepatic disease or 5-FU-based pretreatment (9.7 vs. 19.3 monthsand 10.1 vs. 17.4 months, respectively). forty-seven percent of patientsstopped treatment because of a complication. Complications most often seen inpatients with arterial ports were hepatic artery thrombosis (48%) anddislocation of the catheter (22%). Conclusions:The results of our analysis are in line with previousphase III studies. Extrahepatic disease and i.v. 5-FU-based pretreatment wereprognostic for reduced OS. The complication rate of hepatic arterial deliverywas worrisome, although, no negative impact on survival could be established.There is a strong need for improvement of hepatic arterial delivery methodsbefore further evaluation of hepatic arterial 5-FU will be worthwhile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008369520179
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of alpha-adrenoceptor blockade on dopamine-induced renal vasodilation and natriuresis (1991)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 343 (1991), S. 143-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Dopamine ; Prazosin ; Natriuresis ; Renal hemodynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To establish the effects of alpha-adrenoceptor blockade on dopamine-induced changes in renal hemodynamics and sodium excretion, dopamine dose-response curves were performed without and with pretreatment with the selective postsynaptic alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin in normal volunteers and in patients with renal disease and moderately impaired renal function. Prazosin (1 mg p. o. every 4 h) in 7 volunteers did not significantly affect baseline values but impaired the response of effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and filtration fraction (FF) to infusions of dopamine in doses ranging from 0.5 to 8 μg/kg per minute and completely abolished the dopamine-induced increase in sodium excretion. In 7 patients with renal disease and a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ranging from 38–85 ml/min pretreatment with prazosin did not affect baseline ERPF, GFR or FF or their response to dopamine infusion, but sodium excretion and its response to dopamine infusion were reduced (fractional excretion of sodium at baseline 1.78 without and 0.89 with prazosin pretreatment). We conclude that alpha1-adrenoceptor blockade with prazosin abolishes the effects of exogenous dopamine on sodium excretion in normal man. Prazosin also impairs the renal vasodilatory action of dopamine. However, the effect on sodium excretion is not directly related to inhibition of dopamine-induced renal vasodilation since in patients with renal disease prazosin also markedly reduces sodium excretion but does not influence the renal hemodynamic effects of dopamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00168601
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occlusive phlebitis, a diagnostic feature in Riedel's thyroiditis (1978)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 377 (1978), S. 339-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Riedel's thyroiditis ; Occlusive phlebitis ; Multifocal fibrosclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five cases of Riedel's invasive fibrous thyroiditis are presented.-Clinically and histopathologically all cases fulfilled the criteria for this lesion. In both small and large veins there were inflammatory changes and obliteration of the lumen, followed by sclerosis. These changes were found in each operative specimen, and seemed to be a diagnostic feature of invasive fibrous thyroiditis. We consider this change to be an occlusive phlebitis, and have noted that it occurs in association with multifocal fibrosclerosis. Three stages can be recognised: infiltrative, occlusive and sclerotic. In other thyroid lesions such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, granulomatous thyroiditis of the Quervain type and adenomatous goitre these peculiar changes in the veins were not found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00507134
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of low-dose dopamine on renal haemodynamics in patients with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes does not differ from normal individuals (1986)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 29 (1986), S. 78-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 1 diabetes ; glomerular filtration rate ; effective renal plasma flow ; renal vascular resistance ; dopamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary It is well known that patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes exhibit both increased glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow, which can be found even when these patients are well controlled. Usually this is attributed to a decrease in renal vascular resistance and/or to enlarged kidney size and glomerular volume. Among the factors which govern glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow is most important. Renal plasma flow increases if renal vascular resistance decreases. The latter might exist in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus because of either a predominantly afferent or a predominantly efferent vasodilatation. Dopamine is an agent which causes predominantly efferent vasodilatation. Therefore, the effects of infusing a low dose of dopamine on glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow in 12 well-controlled patients with Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes and 28 healthy volunteers were compared to investigate whether the increased glomerular filtration rate in Type 1 diabetes is caused by an efferent vasodilatation. The median increase in glomerular filtration rate during dopamine infusion amounted to 13.0% in diabetic patients and 12.5% in healthy control subjects (n. s.). It is concluded that the elevated glomerular filtration rate in well-controlled Type 1 diabetes is not caused by a predominantly efferent vasodilatation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00456114
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term effects of linoleic-acid-enriched diet on albuminuria and lipid levels in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with elevated urinary albumin excretion (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 165-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Microalbuminuria ; lipoproteins ; linoleic acid ; polyunsaturated fatty acids ; diet ; Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We conducted a 2-year prospective randomised study to investigate the effects of a linoleic-acid-enriched diet on albuminuria and lipid levels in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with elevated urinary albumin excretion (overnight urinary albumin excretion rate between 10 and 200 μg/min). Thirty-eight patients were randomly assigned to increase dietary polyunsaturated: saturated fatty acids ratio to 1.0 by replacement of saturated fat with linoleic-acid-rich products (n=18, two dropouts, analysis was performed in n=16) or to continue their usual diet (n=20). The total fat and protein content of the diet was unaltered. Clinical characteristics, albuminuria, blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate, metabolic control and dietary composition were similar in the two groups at baseline. In the high linoleic acid diet group, linoleic intake rose from 7±4 to 11±2 energy % and polyunsaturated: saturated fatty acids ratio rose from 0.60±0.28 to 0.96±0.16 (p〈0.001 compared to usual diet group). The median increase albuminuria was 58% (95% confidence interval, 13 to 109) during the first year (p〈0.02) and 55% (95% confidence interval, 11 to 127) (p〈0.01) during the second year. Glomerular filtration rate remained unaltered and filtration fraction tended to rise (p〈0.05 compared to usual diet group). In the usual diet group, albuminuria did not significantly increase by 16% (95% confidence interval, -17 to 38) and glomerular filtration rate declined during the second year. Blood pressure tended to rise similarly in both groups. Multiple regression analysis showed an independent effect of the high linoleic acid diet on the progression of albuminuria as well as the lack of decrease in glomerular filtration rate. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels decreased in the high linoleic acid diet group (p〈0.05). High density lipoprotein cholesterol declined in both groups (p〈0.05). It is concluded that a linoleic-acid-enriched diet reduces atherogenic lipoproteins but does not have a beneficial effect on and might even promote renal functional abnormalities in Type 1 diabetic patients with elevated urinary albumin excretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402550
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of nephrotoxicity of new oral platinum drug JM216 in lung cancer patients (2000)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 45 (2000), S. 89-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Keywords: Key words Nephrotoxicity ; JM216
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess renal function in patients treated with the oral platinum drug JM216 [bisacetato-ammine-dichloro-cyclohexylamine-platinum(IV)], since the effects of JM216 on renal function have only partly been investigated using serum parameters or 51Cr-EDTA clearance. We used a sensitive method that assessed glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), and indicators of tubular and glomerular damage. Methods: A group of 24 patients with either non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) stage IIIb/IV or small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), limited disease (LD) or extensive disease (ED), treated with JM216 were studied. All patients had no prior chemotherapy, a performance score 〈2, a life expectancy of more than 3 months and normal liver, renal and bone marrow functions before treatment. All patients received oral JM216 120 mg/m2 per day for 5 consecutive days, repeated every 21 days with a maximum of six cycles. In six SCLC patients the dose was escalated to 140 mg/m2 per day after the first cycle. Prior to treatment, after the first cycle and after the end of treatment renal function was assessed by 125I-sodium thalamate and 131I-hippurate clearances to determine acute and cumulative changes in GFR and ERPF, respectively. Furthermore, tubular and glomerular damage were assessed by urinary excretion of β2-microglobulin, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GT) and albumin. Results: In 20 evaluable patients no significant acute impairment of renal function was observed. Median (range) GFR, ERPF and filtration fraction (FF) before treatment were 101 ml/min (53–164 ml/min), 417 ml/min (227–719 ml/min), and 0.25 (0.19–0.33), respectively. After the first cycle values were 117 ml/min (71–189 ml/min), 418 ml/min (228–709 ml/min) and 0.28 (0.21–0.33), respectively. Also, no indications of tubular or glomerular damage were found. In four patients renal function was evaluated at the end of treatment (one after three cycles, one after five cycles and two after six cycles). Median (range) GFR, ERPF and FF were 99 ml/min (74–139 ml/min), 401 ml/min (277–496 ml/min) and 0.26 (0.23–0.30), respectively, revealing no delayed nephrotoxicity. Conclusion: We conclude that oral JM216 shows no nephrotoxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006749
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nephrotoxicity of cis-diamminedichloride platinum (CDDP) during remission-induction and maintenance chemotherapy of testicular carcinoma (1982)
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 8 (1982), S. 27-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We studied renal function in nine patients with disseminated testicular carcinoma before and after remission-induction and maintenance therapy with a drug combination containing cis-platinum. The median glomerular filtration rate (GFR) decreased during remission-induction therapy from 146 to 118 ml/min. No effect of cumulative toxicity on the median GFR was found during maintenance therapy, nor did the median GFR improve. The median effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) decreased during the total period from 705 to 514 ml/min. No significant changes in median filtration fraction (FF) and serum creatinine were observed. It is suggested that intrarenal hemodynamic effects are important in the nephrotoxicity of cis-diamminedichloride platinum (CDDP).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292867
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