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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Étude par cryofracture de l'organisation lamellaire de lipides intercellulaires dans le stratum corneum humain après application topique de céramides (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 15 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Il est possible de remédier à une carence des complexes lipidiques de la couche cornée grâce à des produits cosmétiques de remplacement. La place prépondérante qu'occupent les céramides parmi les lipides intercellulaires du stratum corneum et dans l'enveloppe des cornéocytes nous a conduits à élaborer une suspension aqueuse de céramides sous forme de liposomes. Ce produit a été appliqué et ses effets analysés sur un modèle de stratum corneum délipidé. La comparaison entre le résultat de cette expérimentation et le stratum corneum normal révèle à l'échelle ultrastructurale la présence de figures intercellulaires multilamellaires très semblables dans les deux cas. Les céramides sous forme de liposomes se sont structurées en feuillets analogues à ceux du ciment naturel. La méthode de cryofracture appliquée ici est particulièrement adaptée pour visualiser et suivre le devenir de ces céramides en microscopie électronique.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉SynopsisThe multilamellar structure of intercellular lipids may be examined by cryofracture. These lipids function particularly as a moisture barrier in the stratum corneum (SC) and as an intercellular cement which may be present in excess or be deficient due to physiological abnormalities or external aggression. Any deficiency may be remedied by application of the appropriate cosmetic products. The major role played by ceramides in this cement and in the corneocyte envelope has led to studies of the application of ceramides in the form of liposomesThe object of this paper is to visualize on an ultrastructural scale the fate of ceramides applied to a model SC. The following types of SC have been examined: intact SC; SC defatted by chloroform containing methanol; defatted SC treated by ceramide containing liposomes. These three structures were prepared as cryofracture preparations and examined by transmission electron microscopy. The intact SC samples showed the classic intercellular cement in lamellar 5–10 nm minimum thickness. This cement was absent in the defatted SC. After treatment with ceramide liposomes an intercellular lamellar structure similar to that observed in intact SC could be observed. Cryofracture appears to be a technique well adapted to demonstrate the fate of ceramides in electron microscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2494.1993.tb00590.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoradiographic Detection of Oxytocin- and Vasopressin-Binding Sites in Various Subnuclei of the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis in the Rat. Effects of Functional and Experimental Sexual Steroid Variations (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 3 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Oxytocin- and vasopressin-binding sites were detected by autoradiography on films and on emulsion-coated sections of rat brains using highly selective [125|]-labelled oxytocin and vasopressin antagonists. Two distinct areas with high concentrations of oxytocin-binding sites were detected in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis: 1) the principal encapsulated nucleus and the associated cell-sparse zone in the posterior medial part, and 2) the oval nucleus in the anterior lateral part. A weak diffuse labelling was, in addition, detected around the oval nucleus in the anterior lateral and anterior dorsal areas. The vasopressin-binding sites were restricted to the anterior lateral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis where they were highly concentrated in the juxtacapsular nucleus and present with lower density in a discrete cell group dorsal to the oval nucleus.Autoradiographic analyses of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis from pregnant, lactating and ovariectomized rats (oestradiol treated or not) indicated that only the oxytocin-binding sites in the principal encapsulated nucleus and the associated cell-sparse zone were oestrogen-dependent. These observations are in agreement with earlier data suggesting that the two major divisions of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis are involved in distinct regulations. The anterior lateral part, including the oval nucleus in which oxytocin receptors are not oestrogen-dependent, is, rather, involved in central autonomie regulations. The posterior medial part, where oestrogen-dependent oxytocin receptors are concentrated in the principal encapsulated nucleus and the associated cell-sparse zone, is implicated in neuroendocrine regulations and in reproductive behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.1991.tb00335.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxytocin in the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis and Lateral Septum Facilitates Bursting of Hypothalamic Oxytocin Neurons in Suckled Rats (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 3 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Several regions of the forebrain possess high densities of oxytocin (OT)-binding sites including the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and lateral septum (LS). In order to examine whether these regions participate in the central facilitation of the milk ejection reflex by OT, microinjections of OT (1 ng in 100 nl containing Janus Green dye) were made into the BST (13 tests) or LS (9 tests) of anaesthetized, suckled rats, while recording the electrical activity of OT neurons in the contralateral supraoptic nucleus. Histological localization of injection sites using Janus Green demonstrated that all BST injections were close to the anterior commissure, and LS injections were all located in the ventral division of the LS. Film autoradiographic visualization of OT-binding sites (in 7 tests using [125I]OT antagonist) confirmed that the BST and LS injections were located within regions of high OT binding. Injections into both regions facilitated the milk ejection reflex by increasing either the frequency and/or amplitude of OT neuron bursts, or by triggering bursts in animals that previously had shown no milk ejection responses; the mean number of milk ejections in the 30 min before and after injection increasing from 1.6·0.5 to 3.6·0.5 for BST and from 1.5·0.6 to 3.9·0.4 for LS. The OT microinjections had a more variable effect on background activity of OT neurons, increasing firing in some cases and not in others. This facilitatory effect was similar to that induced by microinjections into the lateral ventricle, but was smaller and delayed compared to that induced by injection into the third ventricle (9 tests), possibly due to unilateral activation of target sites. The facilitatory effect was unlikely to have been due to diffusion of OT into the ventricle, since injections into control sites (striatum and thalamus) at similar distances from the ventricle (9 tests) had no facilitatory effect (number of bursts during 30 min before and after injection; 2.2·0.5 and 1.8·0.5, respectively). These data suggest that limbic structures (BST and LS) participate in the action of central OT on the pattern of milk ejections in the suckled rat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.1991.tb00259.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurophysins, rather than Receptors, are Involved in [3H]Oxytocin and [3H]Vasopressin Binding Detected by Autoradiography in the Hypothalamo-Neurohypophyseal System (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 3 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The goal of the present experiments was to analyse the binding of oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system to determine whether [3H]OT and [3H]VP binding in this system involved interaction with receptor sites or with neurophysins. Using quantitative autoradiography, several experiments were performed to compare [3H]OT- and [3H]VP-binding characteristics in this system and in brain areas containing identified receptor sites. Saturation experiments indicated much lower affinity of [3H]OT and [3H]VP binding in the magnocellular nuclei and neural lobe than on brain receptors. Competition experiments using selective ligands indicated interaction with neurophysins rather than with receptors in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system. This system was never labelled in the presence of a [125I]OT antagonist, a selective OT receptor ligand. In contrast with receptors elsewhere in the brain, the magnocellular nuclei were labelled by [3H]OT and [3H]VP in the absence of MgCI2. In the pituitary neural lobe, density of binding sites was moreover obviously related to the amount of neurosecretory granules, as seen in acutely dehydrated rats. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that in the hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system [3H]OT and [3H]VP bind to neurophysins rather than to specific receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.1991.tb00277.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estrogen-Sensitive Oxytocin Binding Sites are Differently Regulated by Progesterone in the Telencephalon and the Hypothalamus of the Rat (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 7 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The localization at the cellular level and the regulation by progesterone of the estrogen-sensitive oxytocin binding sites was studied in the rat telencephalon and the hypothalamus by using quantitative film-autoradiography and histoautoradiography. Male rats (castrated or not) and ovariectomized females (estradiol supplemented or not) were used to characterize these sites and to precise their localization. They were detected in the striatal cell bridges, the olfactory tubercle, the principal nucleus of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the medial nucleus of the amygdala of the telencephalon and in the medial preoptic, the ventromedial and the ventral premammillary nuclei of the hypothalamus. Estrogen administration in addition induced expression of oxytocin binding sites in the major island of Calleja, the anterior hypothalamic area and the terete nucleus. The density of the estrogen-sensitive oxytocin binding sites varied during the estrous cycle, but differently in the telencephalon and the hypothalamus. in the telencephalon it peaked at proestrus 9 h and was already decreased at proestrus 21 h, whereas in the hypothalamus it was similarly high at proestrus 9h and proestrus 21 h, suggesting the intervention of progesterone in the regulation of the hypothalamic estrogen-sensitive oxytocin binding sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.1995.tb00759.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hypervascularization in the Magnocellular Nuclei of the Rat Hypothalamus: Relationship with the Distribution of Aquaporin-4 and Markers of Energy Metabolism (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 12 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the magnocellular nuclei of the hypothalamus, there is a rich vascular network for which the function remains to be established. In the supraoptic nucleus, the high vascular density may be one element, which together with the water channel aquaporin-4 expressed in the astrocytes, is related to a role in osmoreception. We tested the osmoreception hypothesis by studying the correlation between vascular and cellular densities in the paraventricular nucleus and the supraoptic nucleus. Whether aquaporin-4 is likely to contribute to osmoreception was tested by studying the distribution in the magnocellular nuclei of the hypothalamus. The high vascular density may also reflect a high metabolic activity due to the synthesis of vasopressin and oxytocin. This metabolic hypothesis was tested by studying the regional cytochrome oxidase histochemistry, the local cerebral blood flow, and the density of glucose transporter type-1 in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. All the magnocellular nuclei were characterized by an extended and intense aquaporin-4 labelling and a weak cytochrome oxidase histochemistry. The highest vascular density was found in the supraoptic nucleus and the magnocellular regions of the paraventricular nucleus. The local cerebral blood flow rates were surprisingly low in the paraventricular nucleus and the supraoptic nucleus in comparison to the cerebral cortex. Furthermore in these nuclei, the antibody for glucose transporter type-1 revealed two populations of vessels differing by their labelling intensity. The similarities observed between the different nuclei suggest that, in the hypothalamus, all magnocellular regions sense the plasma osmolarity. The low local cerebral blood flow, and the patterns of glucose transporter type-1 labelling and cytochrome oxidase histochemistry suggest that the high vascularization of these hypothalamic nuclei is not related to a high metabolic capacity in basal conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.2000.00539.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of Oxytocin Binding Sites in the Thoracic and Upper Lumbar Spinal Cord of the Adult and Postnatal Rat: A Histoautoradiographic Study (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 6 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Oxytocin binding sites were detected by autoradiography on films and emulsion-coated sections in the spinal cord of adult and postnatal rats from C8 to L2, using a highly selective 125l-labelled oxytocin antagonist. Oxytocin binding sites were detected on all transverse sections in the dorsal horn, where labelling was scattered over laminae I and II. The autonomic areas, i.e. the intermediolateral cell column, the central grey (lamina X) and the nucleus intercalatus were labelled. Binding in the intermediolateral cell column was most frequently observed on sections from T9 to T11 in adult and T7 to T8 in postnatal rats. In this location, oxytocin binding sites were highly concentrated on cell bodies of putative sympathetic preganglionic neurons; however, not all of these cells were labelled. Diffuse labelling occurred on the dorsal part of the central grey, mainly between T8 and L2. Isolated labelled cells belonging to the nucleus intercalatus were scattered between the central canal and the intermediolateral cell column. In addition, oxytocin binding sites were found on some motoneurons of the lateral group of T12-T13, but only in postnatal rats. The distribution of oxytocin binding sites in the rat spinal cord coincides with that of the oxytocin innervation and strongly suggests a modulatory role of this peptide in sensory and autonomic functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00251.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CD-18 Monoclonal Antibody Blocks the Early Events of Aneurysm Expansion (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 800 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb33327.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrolysis of retinyl esters in rat liver. Description of a lysosomal activity
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Lipids and Lipid Metabolism 1212 (1994), S. 176-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2760
    Keywords: (Rat) ; Liposome ; Lysosome ; Retinyl ester hydrolase ; Vitamin A
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2760(94)90251-8
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retinyl ester hydrolase and vitamin A status in rats treated with 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Lipids and Lipid Metabolism 1047 (1990), S. 70-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2760
    Keywords: (Rat) ; Retinyl ester hydrolase ; Tetrachlorobiphenyl ; Vitamin A
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2760(90)90262-V
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