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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical properties of tri-n-butyl tin acrylate-methylmethacrylate copolymers (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 29 (1994), S. 2784-2788 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The copolymerization of tri-n-butyl tin acrylate (TBTA) with methylmethacrylate (MMA) has been investigated in dioxane. The composition of these copolymers was determined quantitatively by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The tin contents were estimated by gravimetric as well as thermogravimetric techniques (TGA). The reactivity ratio of such copolymers was estimated by application of the Kelen-Tudos method. The dielectric properties of the copolymers have been studied over a frequency range of 100–50 kHz at different temperatures from 20 to 70°C. The electrical conductivity for such copolymers was also measured. The results are interpreted in terms of the tin content of the copolymers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00356833
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organotin polymers. IX. Copolymerization parameters of di-(tri-n-butyltin) itaconate with styrene and methyl methacrylate (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 1735-1743 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Copolymerization reactions of di-(tri-n-butyltin) itaconate with styrene and methyl methacrylate were carried out in solution at 70°C using 1 mol% azobisisobutyronitrile as a free radical initiator. The copolymer compositions were determined by chemical analysis as well as from 1H-NMR data. The monomer reactivity ratios for copolymerizations of di-(tri-n-butyltin) itaconate with styrene and methyl methacrylate have been found to be r1 = 0.228, r2 = 0.677, and r1 = 0.220, r2 = 1.635, respectively. The sequence distribution of the triad fractions were calculated from reactivity ratios and compared with those obtained from 1H-NMR data.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070330526
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organotin polymers. XII. Azeotropy in binary and ternary copolymerization reactions of di(tri-n-butyltin) itaconate with acrylic acid esters, styrene, and acrylonitrile (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 36 (1988), S. 1191-1203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Binary and ternary copolymerizations of di(tri-n-butyltin) itaconate (TBTI) with methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), n-butyl acrylate (BA), styrene (ST), and acrylonitrile (AN) were carried out in solution at 70°C in the presence of a free-radical initiator. Experimental terpolymerization data agreed well with calculations based on the Alfrey-Goldfinger equation. The determination of unitary, binary, and ternary azeotropies of the various systems studied was easily handled by a computer. Ternary azeotropic compositions for TBTI-MA-AN and TBTI-EA-AN systems were 37 : 48 : 15 and 9 : 80 : 11 mol %, respectively. Also, “Pseudo-azeotropic” regions were identified where the deviation between feed and polymer compositions is very small.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1988.070360519
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of substitution on the reactivity of some new p-phenylacrylamide derivatives with organotin monomers (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 427-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: monomer reactivity ratios ; copolymerization reactions ; tri-n-butyltin methacrylate ; tri-n-butyltin acrylate ; p-chlorophenyl acrylamide ; p-nitrophenyl acrylamide ; p-tolyl acrylamide ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three new monomers of p-phenylacrylamide derivatives were prepared by either the reaction of p-methyl-, p-nitro-, and p-chloroaniline with acryloyl chloride or with acrylic acid in the presence of dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCCI). The prepared monomers were copolymerized with each of tri-n-butyltinacrylate and tri-n-butyltinmethacrylate. Copolymerization reactions were carried out in dioxane at 70°C using 1 mol % azobisisobutyronitrile as a free radical initiator. The structure of the new monomers and the prepared copolymers were investigated by IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The monomer reactivity ratios for the copolymerization of p-chlorophenylacrylamide (M1) with each of tri-n-butyltinacrylate (TBTA) and tri-n-butyltinmethacrylate (TBTMA) (M2) were found to be r1 = 2.6; r2 = 0.83 and r1 = 1.3; r2 = 1.71, respectively. In case of p-tolyacrylamide (M1) with TBTA and TBTMA (M2) r1 = 0.35, r2 = 1.03 and r1 = 1.38, r2 = 0.366 respectively. The Q and e values for the prepared p-tolyl- and p-chlorophenylacrylamide were calculated © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080310214
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of polyesterification of 1,3-(dicarboxymethoxy) benzene with tetraethylene glycol (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 38 (1989), S. 1357-1367 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The polyesterification of 1,3-(dicarboxymethoxy)benzene with tetraethylene glycol in both equimolar and nonequimolar ratios were studied over the range of 120-160°C in the absence and presence of p-toluenesulphonic acid as catalyst. The experimental results for uncatalyzed reactions agreed quite well with the kinetic equation proposed by Flory. The kinetic equations for acid-catalyzed reactions, however, are in agreement with the kinetic equation proposed by Lin and Hsieh. The kinetic equations were -d[COOH]/dt = k1[COOH]2[OH] and -d[COOH]/dt = k2[COOH]2 for uncatalyzed and acid-catalyzed polyesterfications, respectively. The rate constants for uncatalyzed and acid-catalyzed reactions were calculated by using the method of least squares for various values of initial molar ratio between [OH] and [COOH]. Also, the activation energies were calculated.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070380714
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of reactivity ratios of N-methacryloloxyphthalimide copolymers by1H NMR (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 2051-2058 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Copolymerization of N-methacryloyloxyphthalimide (NMP) with methyl acrylate (MA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and acrylonitrile (AN) was carried out in dimethylformamide using azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator at 60°C. The estimation of the copolymer compositions were carried by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The monomer reactivity ratios for NMP-MA, NMP-MMA, and NMP-AN systems were found to be r1 = 1.223, r2 = 0.208, r1 = 1.441, r2 = 0.704, r1 = 1.496 and r2 = 0.228, respectively, by Kelen-Tüdős method. Also, the Q and e values for NMP monomer was found to be Q = 0.90 and e = 0.01, respectively.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070370724
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organotin polymers. XV. Azeotropy in terpolymerization reactions of tributyltin acrylate or methacrylate with itaconic acid or dimethylitaconate and acrylonitrile (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44 (1992), S. 1861-1867 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ternary copolymerization of tri-n-butyltin acrylate (TBTA) or methylacrylate (TBTMA) with itaconic acid (IA) or dimethyl itaconate (DMI) and acrylonitrile (AN) were carried out in solution at 70°C in the presence of a free radical initiator. Experimental terpolymerization data agreed well with calculations based on the Alfrey-Goldfinger equation. Ternary azeotropic compositions for TBTA-IA-AN, TBTMA-IA-IA, and TBTMA-DMI-AN systems were 39.0 : 26.1 : 34.9, 51.7 : 10.5 :37.8, and 00.3 : 66.3 : 33.4 mol %, respectively. Also, “pseudo-azeotropic” regions were indentified where the deviation between feed and polymer compositions is very small.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070441021
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unsaturated polyesters. II. Structure and properties of polyester resins based on cinnamylsuccinic acidCorrected proofs received February 21, 1985 (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 2031-2039 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Unsaturated Polyester resins were prepared by the reaction of cinnamylsuccinic acid with saturated diols, namely, ethylene, diethylene, propylene, dipropylene, tetramethylene, and hexamethylene glycols, and the unsaturated diols, namely, 1,4-butene- and 1,4-butynediols. All the polyester resins obtained have been characterized and were found to cure with styrene, with relatively low conversions. The properties of the cured polyesters in the form of films were determined. IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy were used for both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the polyesters and their hydrolyzate products, after curing with styrene.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070300520
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unsaturated polyesters. III. Kinetics of polyesterification of cinnamylsuccinic acid with ethylene glycol (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 2203-2215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The polyesterification reactions of cinnamylsuccinic acid with ethylene glycol in both equimolar and nonequimolar ratios were investigated over the temperature range of 130-180°C in the absence and presence of p-toluene-sulfonic acid as a catalyst. The kinetic equations were: -d[COOH]/dt = k1[COOH][OH]2 and -d[COOH]/dt = k2[COOH]2 for uncatalyzed and acid-catalyzed polyesterification reactions, respectively. The apparent rate constants for uncatalyzed and acid-catalyzed reactions were evaluated by using the method of least squares for various values of initial molar ratios between [OH] and [COOH]. Also, the activation parameters were calculated.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070330629
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and properties of o-carboxymaleanilic polyester resins (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 51-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyester resins were prepared by the reaction of o-carboxymaleanilic acid with ethylene trimethylene, propylene, hexamethylene, diethylene, or 1,4-butenediol. All the polyester resins obtained have been characterized and were found to cure with styrene, except the polyester from diethylene glycol. The properties of the cured products in the form of films were determined. Infrared. UV, and NMR spectroscopy were used for both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the polyester resins and their hydrolyzate products, after curing with styrene.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1980.070250105
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