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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The pelagic harpacticoid copepod, Macrosetella gracilis (A. Scott), is found in association with colonies of the nitrogen-fixing (diazotrophic), bloomforming cyanobacterium Trichodesmium spp. in tropical and subtropical waters. M. gracilis is one of the few direct grazers of these often toxic cyanobacteria. Experiments investigating NH + 4 regeneration by M. gracilis were conducted in the Caribbean in September 1992 and the Coral Sea, Australia in November 1994. Rates of M. gracilis ingestion of Trichodesmium thiebautii labelled with 15N2 measured in the eastern Caribbean indicated that M. gracilis could consume 33 to 45% of total T. thiebautii colony N d-1 and 〉100% of new N fixed d-1. We also measured the release of NH + 4 by M. gracilis feeding on T. thiebautii, as well as by non-feeding copepods, using 15N isotope dilution methods. In non-feeding copepods, rates of NH + 4 release increased as numbers of copepods were increased as both copepod numbers and food availability increased. In the presence of T. thiebautii colonies, M. gracilis had an average rate of NH + 4 regeneration of 7.7±1.5 nmol N copepod-1 h-1 (±SE), which was significantly higher than when food was absent (1.9±0.7 nmol N copepod-1 h-1). Rates of M. gracilis excretion were relatively high based on excretion: ingestion ratios, which could be due to having a high-N food source readily available, to “sloppy-feeding” effects, or as a response to toxins in the cyanobacterium. Incubations of M. gracilis with and without T. erythraeum resulted in significant increases in [NH + 4 ] as a function of copepod density only. Ammonium leakage from the cyanobacterium and/or microheterotroph associates was relatively low. M. gracilis, through excretion and possible mechanical breakage of cells while grazing, appears to provide a direct link between atmospherically derived “new” nitrogen and regenerated NH + 4 in the oligotrophic systems where Trichodesmium spp. are abundant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Gerontologie + Geriatrie 33 (2000), S. 488-494 
    ISSN: 0044-281X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter¶Pflegebedürftigkeit –¶Pflegestufenzuerkennung –¶Skalenvalidierung – Clusteranalyse – Syndromspezifität ; Key words Care needs –¶stages of care –¶Pflegeversicherungsgesetz –¶scale validation – cluster analysis –¶syndrome evidence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The object of our study is the evaluation of care needs of senior citizens and the adjustment of certain stage of care according to the German Health Care Act (“Pflegeversicherungsgesetz”). For assessment of care needs we developed a new rating scale (BPS). Factor analysis of the rating scale showed 5 dimensions: (1) “Psychoorganic Syndrome” (Dementia), (2) “Physical Care Needs”, (3) “Lack of Social Skills”, (4) “Aggressiveness” and (5) “Depression”. The sample size is N=1739, mean age 82.5 years. A statistically significant partial correlation of the extent of care needs as indicated by the stage of care described by BPS dimensions was found only for dimension (2) “Physical Care Needs” (r=0.50). Cluster analysis resulted in distribution of the whole sample into 6 discriminable groups, according to their syndrome specifity (BPS profiles). Additionally clusters are different regarding the severity of need for care. It is obvious, analyzing the adjustment of stages of care within clusters, that psychiatric relevant disturbances contribute substantially to this adjustment. Nevertheless this finding is valid only for aged people, who receive regular care by ambulant or home services, and can not be transfered to senior citizens cared by their families.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Gegenstand der Studie ist die Zuerkennung von Pflegestufen nach dem Pflegeversicherungsgesetz. Der Pflegebedarf wurde mit dem Beurteilungsbogen zur Pflegebedürfigkeit von Senioren (BPS) abgeschätzt, der im Rahmen dieser Studie entwickelt wurde. Anonymität war sowohl bezüglich der Beurteiler als auch der beurteilten Personen gewährleistet. In die Studie konnten die Beurteilungen über N=1739 Senioren einbezogen werden, das Durchschnittsalter lag bei 82,5 Jahren. Die Entwicklung des Fremdbeurteilungsbogens BPS wird kurz beschrieben. Erfasst werden damit die faktorenanalytisch gesicherten Dimensionen (1) „Psychoorganisches Syndrom”, (2) „Körperbezogene Pflegebedürftigkeit”, (3) „Störungen der sozialen Kompetenz”, (4) „Aggressivität” und (5) „Depressivität”. Ein bedeutsamer Zusammenhang zwischen Pflegebedürftigkeit und Pflegestufenzuerkennung konnte lediglich für die Merkmalsausprägung auf der Skala (2) „Körperbezogene Pflegebedürftigkeit” mit einer Partialkorrelation von r=0,50 belegt werden. Mit Hilfe einer Clusteranalyse gelang die Aufteilung der Stichprobe in 6 Gruppen, für die gut beschreibbare Syndromprofile (BPS-Skalenprofile) gelten. Zugleich unterscheiden sich diese Gruppen graduell in ihrem Pflegebedarf. Eine Analyse der Pflegestufenzuerkennung in diesen Clustern ergab, dass auch psychische Beeinträchtigungen in der Pflegestufenzuerkennung Berücksichtigung finden. Gleichwohl gilt dies nur für den in die Studie einbezogenen Personenkreis der institutionell betreuten Senioren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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