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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hemodynamically significant PDA: An echocardiographic and clinical assessment of incidence, natural history, and outcome in very low birth weight infants maintained in negative fluid balance (1985)
    Springer
    Pediatric cardiology 6 (1985), S. 17-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1971
    Keywords: PDA ; Echocardiography ; Fluid balance ; VLBW infants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fifty very low birth weight (VLBW) infants (750–1500 g, 27–33 weeks gestational age) were assigned at random to one of two groups of negative fluid balance and underwent prospective clinical and echocardiographic examinations during the first month of life. The purpose was to determine: (a) the effect of fluid restriction on the incidence of ductal shunting, (b) the reliability of the physical examination in diagnosing significant ductal shunting, and (c) the relationship between significant ductal shunting and outcome in such infants. None of the infants had manipulations to close the ductus during the first week of life. Using routine structural and functional echocardiographic indices as criteria for the diagnosis of hemodynamically significant ductal shunting (hsPDA), we found that the two fluid-balance groups (8%–10% weight loss vs 13%–15% weight loss) did not significantly differ in incidence of hsPDA, duration of ventilation, or development of BPD. These two groups were then combined for further analysis: 32 (64%) of 50 VLBW infants had hsPDA during the first week of life. The group of infants with hsPDA did not differ significantly from that without hsPDA in birth weight or gestational age, but had a significantly lower Apgar score (P〈0.04) and was significantly more likely to require ventilator support for RDS (P〈0.01). Although when present a typical ductal murmur was specific for the development of significant ductal shunting, no murmur was heard in 21 (66%) of 32 infants with early hsPDA. Of the infants requiring ventilator support for RDS, the group with early hsPDA needed ventilation for 13.8±9.4 days, significantly longer than the group without early hsPDA (3.2±2.6 days,P〈0.001), and had a higher incidence of BPD and death than the group without early hsPDA (P〈0.04). In our study of a large group of prospectively identified VLBW infants, we did not find that significant ductal shunting was altered by more stringent fluid restriction, but we did find that such shunting was frequently inapparent clinically, and was associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265403
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radionuclide angiographic and echocardiographic quantitation of left-to-right shunts in children with ventricular septal defect (1982)
    Springer
    Pediatric cardiology 3 (1982), S. 7-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1971
    Keywords: Radionuclide ; Echocardiography ; Ventricular septal defect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pulmonary to systemic blood flow ratios (Qp:Qs) were estimated in 16 children with ventricular septal defects using simultaneous echocardiography and radionuclide angiography, and compared to Qp:Qs measured at cardiac catheterization by the Fick principle method (Fick). When ratios of echographic left atrial dimensions (LAD) to body surface area (LAD/M2), body length (LAD/ht), and aortic root diameter (LAD/Ao) were compared to the Qp:Qs determined by Fick, the correlation coefficients were r=0.70 for LAD/M2, r=0.66 for LAD/ht, and r=0.54 for LAD/Ao. The correlation coefficients between Qp:Qs by Fick, and left ventricular dimensions/M2 and fractional shortening of the left ventricle were not significant. The correlation coefficients between Qp:Qs and the ratios estimated by gamma-variate and area-ratio analysis of radioisotope pulmonary dilution curves were r=0.92 and r=0.84, respectively. Thus, radionuclide angiography provided more accurate quantitation of left to right shunting through a ventricular septal defect than echocardiography. However, difficulty in obtaining adequate bolus injections of the radioisotope may result in technical failures whereas echocardiographic measurement is possible in almost all pediatric patients. Finally, the gamma-variate method cannot accurately quantitate shunt ratios greater than 3.5 to 1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02082323
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Severe left ventricular hypertrophy in pediatric dialysis: prevalence and predictors (2000)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 14 (2000), S. 898-902 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words Left ventricular hypertrophy ; Left ventricular geometry ; Chronic dialysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adults with end-stage renal disease. However, the prevalence and severity of LVH in children on chronic dialysis therapy is not well established. Retrospectively, 64 chronic dialysis patients, aged 20 months to 22 years, on chronic dialysis had echocardiographic evaluation of LV mass (LVM) and geometry. Forty-eight (75%) children had LVH, including 22 of 26 (85%) on hemodialysis (HD) and 26 of 38 (68%) on peritoneal dialysis (PD). The prevalence of LVH in patients on HD was significantly higher than those on PD (P=0.02). Abnormal LV geometry was found in 51 of 64 (80%) patients: 25 patients (39%) had eccentric hypertrophy, 3 (5%) had concentric remodelling, and 23 (36%) had concentric LVH. Twenty-six children (41%) had severe LVH, defined as LVM index greater than 51 g/m2.7, which is associated with a fourfold greater risk for development of cardiovascular disease in adults. Patients with severe LVH had a significantly lower hemoglobin level (P=0.027) and longer duration of renal disease prior to the start of dialysis therapy (P=0.003) than patients without LVH. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed HD as opposed to PD as a significant independent predictor for severe LVH (P=0.036). Higher systolic blood pressure remained in the final model as an independent predictor with a borderline level of significance (P=0.065). The results indicate that severe LVH and abnormal left ventricular geometry are common in young dialysis patients. Better control of blood pressure, anemia, and hypervolemia may be important in prevention or improving LVH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670000303
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Refractive indices of monomer-polymer mixtures of vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, and vinyl butyrate (1963)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 7 (1963), S. 783-787 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Monomers of vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, and vinyl butyrate were carefully purified by distillation in a Vigreux column and in a 56-plate glass helixpacked Todd column. The refractive indices and boiling points of the purified monomers agreed with those given in the literature. The purified samples were exposed to the radiation of a quartz mercury lamp in order to produce several per cent polymer. The refractive indices are tabulated and plotted in graphs.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1963.070070230
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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