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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cuticular surface structures in glyptonotus antarcticus — a marine isopod from the Ross Sea (Antarctica) (1980)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 94 (1980), S. 209-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Various types of surface microstructures and their distribution in the Giant Antarctic SlaterGlyptonotus antarcticus Eights, 1852, are described in detail. Although no attempt has been made to classify the different kinds of scales, leaf-like modifications, threads and feathery hairs, ideas concerning their origin and their function are presented. At least some of the microstructures described seem involved in discouraging foraminifera and larval stages of sessile organisms to settle upon the cuticle ofClyptonotus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081935
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Skin papillae as possible electroreceptors in the deep-sea eel Cyema atrum (Cyemidae: Anguilloidei) (1978)
    Springer
    Marine biology 46 (1978), S. 277-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Surface structure and internal organization of prominent skin papillae in the mesopelagic eel Cyema atrum have been investigated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Each papilla is club-shaped and possesses a pore at its distal end. A central rod, filled with cellular strands and surrounded by a 30 to 40 μm wide matrix of clear material, runs from the tip to the base of the papilla. A cluster of cells, located 60 μm below the surface of the skin, appears to be connected with the lateral line nerve. The lack of stereo- and kinocilia on the one hand, and the presence of a central rod and a terminal pore on the other, demonstrate that the cutaneous papillae in C. atrum cannot be regarded as typical lateral-line neuromasts. They share several features with electroreceptors, known from other fishes. It is postulated that C. atrum and other deep-sea species with similar skin papillae have been able to partially substitute vision and other senses useful for orientation by electroreception.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390689
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some observations on spawning and fecundity in the luminescent fish Photoblepharon palpebratus (1976)
    Springer
    Marine biology 37 (1976), S. 325-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Spawning pairs of the fish Photoblepharon palpebratus (Boddaert), a bioluminescent shallow-water species from the Banda Islands, were observed in captivity for the first time. Both female individuals of the two pairs studied were slightly larger than the males, and possessed rounder tail-fin edges, criteria which can be used for sexing. Laboratory and field observations indicate that during several dark nights in April and May one female could produce a total of up to 1,000 sticky, transparent, 1.2-mm diameter, spherical, buoyant eggs, which after a brief planktonic phase of 5 to 10 h continue their development while adhering to a substrate. This short planktonic phase might explain why P. palpebratus only occurs around the Banda Islands, although similar habitats can be found elsewhere in the South Moluccan Sea. In addition to large ripe eggs, two size-classes of immature eggs were found in the ovaries. In the aquarium pairs of P. palpebratus tended to occupy a limited area but did not show aggressive territorial behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387487
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoreceptor ultrastructure in the Antarctic mussel shrimp Acetabulastoma (Crustacea; Ostracoda), a parasite of Glyptonotus antarcticus (Crustacea; Isopoda) (1999)
    Springer
    Polar biology 21 (1999), S. 166-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ultrastructure of the nauplius eye of the tiny Antarctic ostracode Acetabulastoma sp. is described and conclusions about its possible function are drawn. Each of the three eye-cups measures approximately 20 μm in diameter and is optically isolated from its neighbour by screening pigments, which are contained in pigment cells behind a tapetum of concentrically arranged, ca. 1-μm-long and 0.1-μm-thick, crystals. Three and sometimes four separate rhabdoms with microvilli measuring 50–60 nm in diameter project from the concave side of the tapetum up to 5 μm deep into the eye-cup interior, which is filled by the retinula cell bodies with their spherical nuclei and various organelles. Desmosomes and microtubules are seen and light-induced cell or membrane damage was minimal. The observations suggest that the Acetabulastoma eye has photoreceptors that can tolerate an exposure to bright light and it may be used to inform its owner of the approach of danger, the depth of water, and/or the season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050348
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Muscle cells in the tiny marine Antarctic mite Halacarellus thomasi : an ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study (2000)
    Springer
    Polar biology 23 (2000), S. 759-765 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract All musculature examined in the tiny, 0.3-mm, marine Antarctic mite Halacarellus thomasi (i.e. body and appendages) appeared ultrastructurally to be of the transversely striated type with continuous Z-lines. Tubules of sarcoplasmic reticulum lay among the myofibrils. The complexity of the sarcotubular system, sarcomere lengths of over 6 μm, and the abundance of mitochondria are interpreted as signs that the mite is slow moving, but capable of considerable and sustained contraction forces, features deemed necessary in the strong currents of the frigid water prevailing in the mite's habitat. Presence and distribution of regulatory (troponin, tropomyosin, caldesmon and calponin), contractile (actin, myosin, paramyosin and miniparamyosin) and structural (alpha-actinin, titin, minititin and nebulin) proteins were determined immunocytochemically. The results are consistent with the notion of a well-functioning contractile machinery but, furthermore, provide evidence for the great importance of the structural proteins alpha-actinin, minititin and nebulin in maintaining muscle-cell stability under the environmental conditions in which the mite has to function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000000149
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural observations and pH-measurements on red and white muscle from Antarctic fish (1986)
    Springer
    Polar biology 6 (1986), S. 241-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Red and white muscle in the two Antarctic notothenioid fishes Dissostichus mawsoni and Pagothenia borchgrevinki show a rate of postmortem fall of 0.2 pH units per hour, which is close to the rate reported for mammalian muscle at 30°C, but the plateau value is reached several hours earlier in the Antarctic fish, indicating significantly lower stores of initial glycogen. A few particles, most likely representing glycogen, were seen in P. borchgrevinki white muscle and D. mawsoni red muscle, whereas predictably fewer glycogen still was evident in D. mawsoni white muscle. When large numbers of mitochondria and lipid stores were encountered in combination with a small amount of glycogen, we concluded that aerobic metabolism is dominant and that the two species examined would not use white trunk muscle for sustained or slow swimming. Rapid contractions of white trunk muscle as in prey capture or predator evasion are more likely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00443402
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The lateral-line organs of the larvae of the deep-sea fish Cataetyx memorabilis (Ophidiidae): A scanning-electron and light-microscope study (1972)
    Springer
    Marine biology 12 (1972), S. 272-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A prominent lateral-line system found in 10 mm long larvae of the deep-sea fish Cataetyx memorabilis Meyer-Rochow (1970) is not present in the adults. Size and height of larval lateral-line papillae measured in stereo pairs of electron micrographs are compared with light microscopy of sectioned material. Lateral-line papillae are separated from each other by 3 to 7 myomeres (0.5 to 1 mm). A papilla is 50 μm wide and approximately 15 μm high. The 7 or 8 sensory hairs, which are about 30 to 40 μm long, are not embedded in a jellylike transparent substance. Behavioural and taxonomical consequences of the findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00366325
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rhythmicity of chromophore turnover of visual pigment in the Antarctic amphipod Orchomene plebs (Crustacea; Amphipoda) (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 173 (1993), S. 615-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Photoreception ; Circadian rhythms ; Visual pigment ; Antarctica ; Crustacea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 1. Relative retinal amounts in the compound eye of the Antarctic amphipod Orchomene plebs were assessed during conditions of continuous summer daylight every 3 h over a period of 48 h. The habitat of the experimental animal is the bottom of the Ross Sea (78°S; 166°E) down to depths of at least 400 m; water temperature is a constant — 1.8° C. A periodicity of 12 h was detected with relative amounts of 11-cis retinal exhibiting peaks at midday and at midnight and troughs at 7.00 h and 19.00 h. 2. The result that 90% of retinoid were insoluble in n-hexane suggests that at least 90% of the measured retinoid were attached to membrane-bound proteins such as opsin. 3. Selective light adaptation showed that the visual pigments were thermostable and photoregenerable. The main absorbance peak of rhodopsin, compared with metarhodopsin, seems to be in the longer wavelengths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197769
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axonal wiring and polarisation sensitivity in eye of the rock lobster (1975)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 254 (1975), S. 522-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A modified organisation has been found only in Diptera1 and now in Decapoda: in both these unrelated orders of arthropods, retinula cell axons interweave before they terminate on axons of the ganglion cells in the lamina cartridges. Whereas in Diptera this rather special arrangement is generally ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/254522a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiologically determined spectral efficiencies of the compound eye and median ocellus in the bumblebeeBombus hortorum tarhakimalainen (hymenoptera, insecta) (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 139 (1980), S. 261-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Intracellular responses to 30 μs flashes of 11 different spectral lights have been recorded from 75 retinula cells belonging to the eyes of 12 blumblebees. 2. Three basic types of retinula cells were found: 11 cells possessed a singular significant peak in the UV (353 nm), 10 cells had a clear peak in the blue (430 nm) and a secondary peak in the UV, and 54 cells exhibited greatest sensitivity in the green to light of 549 nm wavelength. 3. Cells sensitive to green light possessed a secondary peak in the UV which reached 75% of the maximum amplitude at λmax, when the flash quantum content was 2.4 ± 0.06×1010. However, when the light intensity was reduced to 12% of this value, the secondary peak in the UV fell to 50% of the λmax response (obtained with the dimmer light). 4. By using a method developed by Menzel (1975), it was possible to show that in the bumblebee eye all spectral cell types can occur in the same ommatidial group. 5. ERG-recordings from the median ocellus resulted in a double-peaked spectral efficiency curve with a maximum at 353 nm and a secondary peak at 519 nm. 6. The electrophysiologically determined spectral efficiency curves were compared with peaks obtained by optical means (Bernard and Stavenga, 1978). Congruity existed only for spectral response maxima from the UV receptor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00610457
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