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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perceptions of Controllability and Attitudes Toward Cancer and Cancer Patients (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied social psychology 17 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1559-1816
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: This study explored the possibility that widely held beliefs that cancer is uncontrollable underlie the public's negative attitudes toward this disease. One-hundred-and-sixty undergraduates read a paragraph describing a disease that was labelled either as cancer or as “Haltmar's Disease,” a fictitious disease. The descriptions were designed to manipulate subjects' perceptions regarding both the degree to which the disease could be controlled through preventive behaviors (disease preventability) and the likelihood that it could be controlled through treatment (disease treatability). Subjects then completed a questionnaire on which they indicated their attitudes toward the described disease as well as toward a patient with that disease. Results generally supported the hypothesis that when a disease is perceived as controllable it is evaluated less negatively than when it is perceived as uncontrollable. Perceptions of control also influenced attitudes toward patients with the fictitious disease. As predicted by the Just World hypothesis, attitudes toward patients with the fictitious disease were more negative when the disease was described as uncontrollable. Attitudes toward cancer patients, however, were positive regardless of level of control. Overall, cancer was described significantly more negatively than the fictitious disease and cancer (vs. Haltmar's) patients were described significantly more positively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1987.tb00325.x
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  • 2
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    Sex-Role Stereotypes: Self-Reports of Behavior (1984)
    New York, N.Y. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Sex Roles. 10:3/4 (1984:Feb.) 293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-0025
    Topics: Archaeology
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:v531-1984-010-03-000011
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quality of life in women with recurrent breast cancer (1999)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 54 (1999), S. 47-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; cancer recurrence ; psychosocial ; quality of life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although the psychosocial concomitants of early-stage breast cancer have been well-documented, the relationship between cancer recurrence and quality of life remains less clear. We conducted a prospective, longitudinal study in order to clarify the relationship between recurrent cancer and quality of life, and to determine predictors of quality of life following recurrence. Sixty-nine women with recurrent breast cancer completed questionnaires assessing multiple components of quality of life at three time points: prior to recurrence, immediately after the diagnosis of recurrence, and at follow-up 6 months later. Perceptions of overall quality of life, general health status, emotional, social, and physical functioning were poorer immediately following the diagnosis of recurrence than they had been prior to recurrence. These women also evidenced significant improvement in several domains of quality of life between initial recurrence and follow-up; nonetheless, most areas of quality of life were impaired compared to pre-recurrence. Self-reported physical symptoms were a strong predictor of post-recurrence ratings of overall quality of life. These data suggest that the recurrence of breast cancer is associated with significant changes in quality of life. Quality of life did not progressively deteriorate, however, attesting to the resilience of women coping with this major stressor. These data shed light on issues of potential importance to patients managing this serious illness and may have implications for health-care professionals working with this population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006172024218
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses to Parental Cancer: A Clinical Perspective (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings 6 (1999), S. 441-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3572
    Keywords: cancer ; family ; communication ; meaning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Parental cancer constitutes a unique stressor, and newly diagnosed patients often express deep concerns about how their children will adapt to the illness and treatments. Although data on this underserved group of “second-order patients” is growing, the literature has yielded limited practical information for the clinician working with cancer patients who have children at home. The present study examines long-term adjustment in two samples of grown daughters of cancer patients. Subjects reported having experienced significant emotional upheaval and substantial family disruption during the acute phase of their parents' diagnosis and treatments. Many of the family problems were related to difficulties with the healthy parent. Subjects also recalled numerous positive changes during this acute phase of adjustment to the stressor. Over the long term, subjects did not differ from comparison women on several measures of psychological adjustment, suggesting that children of cancer patients are not necessarily at elevated risk for long-term psychological maladjustment. Nevertheless, many subjects continued to experience a lasting subjective impact of their cancer experiences that appeared to be too subtle or existential to be measured by general psychological instruments. Most of these changes were positive, and deriving a sense of benefit from the experience was a near-universal phenomenon. Subjects discussed what helped and hindered their coping efforts, and made a number of recommendations to others facing this family stressor. Inadequate communication about the cancer was identified by many subjects as an impediment to their eventual adjustment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026228000254
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex-role stereotypes: Self-reports of behavior (1984)
    Springer
    Sex roles 10 (1984), S. 293-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology
    Notes: Abstract The present study represents a self-reported behavioral approach to the study of sex differences and sex-role stereotypes. One hundred forty-eight undergraduate women and men responded anonymously in group testing sessions to two questionnaires. The first questionnaire asked them to report their own involvement in 45 masculine and feminine sex-typed behaviors; the second questionnaire asked for their perceptions of the involvement of men and women in the same behaviors. Major findings included (a) sex differences in reported ability, enjoyment, performance, and opportunity which mirrored traditional sex-role stereotypes and indicated greater competence at stereotypic behaviors (the majority of differences significant at p〈.001); (b) perceptions of men and women's behavior also consistent with sex-role stereotypes; and (c) sex differences in the perceived appropriateness of behaviors (p〈.05) which indicate greater sex-typing in men's (as compared with women's) perceptions of both sexes. The study focuses on the self-reported behavioral bases of gender-specific stereotypes and how these behaviors are influenced by aspects of the social environment (such as reinforcement contingencies) and by aspects of the the person (such as simple learning and performance deficits), and suggests ways in which sex differences might be changed to provide increased behavioral options for women and men.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00287782
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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