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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Antigenic Structure of Proteins: A Reappraisal (1984)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 2 (1984), S. 67-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.iy.02.040184.000435
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of the human immune response to ragweed pollen by immunotherapy. A controlled trial comparing the effect of immunosuppressive peptic fragments of short ragweed with standard treatment (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 21 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A new allergenic preparation consisting of peptic fragments of short ragweed has been tested for its clinical effectiveness. Such enzymatically derived fragments have been shown in prior murine studies to retain the T epitopes of the original allergen but to have a severe reduction in the number of B epitopes. Three groups of ragweed hay fever patients were placed on pre-seasonal immunotherapy. One group received a conventional ragweed preparation that had been enriched for antigen E (Amh a I), designated as Pool 2. The second group was given fragments of Pool 2 (fSRW) prepared by peptic digestion and the third group was injected with histainine as a placebo. Groups treated with the fSRW and Pool 2 had significantly reduced symptom-medication scores compared with the placebo-treatment group. However, fSRW-treated patients fared significantly better than Pool 2 patients (P〈0.02). FSRW injections caused a significant rise in preseasonal specific IgG antibodies as well as suppression of the seasonal anamnestic specific IgE increase. Similar, but not quite as marked changes occurred with Pool 2 treatment, f SRW was well tolerated and non-toxic. Thus, allergen modification by enzymatic degradation, as demonstrated here, appears to be a promising new approach for allergen immunotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1991.tb01686.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of the immune response to ragweed allergens by peptic fragments (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 20 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fragments of short ragweed extract were prepared by peptic digestion and fractionated by molecular exclusion chromatography. We focused on fragmenting a ragweed fraction that was enriched for Amb a I. Digestion products in the molecular weight range of 5–15 kD (fSRW) were examined for their antigenic, immunogenic and immunosuppressive properties. fSRW was poorly immunogenic and unable to induce ragweed-specific PCA reactions in rat skin or to bind to anti-ragweed IgG antibodies. Intravenous administration of fSRW either prior to or after intraperitoneal immunization with a ragweed preparation resulted in a significant suppression of the immune response. T cells isolated from lymph nodes of mice immunized with ragweed were stimulated by fSRW in a lymphoproliferation assay. Moreover, T cells from mice injected with fSRW were immunosuppressive when transferred into mice immunized with intact ragweed antigens. Our data demonstrate that peptic fragments (fSRW) of ragweed lack B-cell determinants while retaining their T-cell immunoregulatory properties. Potentially these peptides are less likely to cause adverse reactions in allergen sensitive patients and thus offer a new approach to allergen immunotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1990.tb02706.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Mental Breakdown of a Roman Senator: M. Calpurnius Bibulus (1990)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Greece and Rome 37 (1990), S. 179-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0017-3835
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Archaeology , Classical Studies
    Notes: Some time early in 50 B.C. the two elder sons of M. Calpurnius Bibulus the Roman governor of Syria were killed in Egypt by milites Gabiniani, Roman soldiers left there by A. Gabinius – an earlier governor of Syria. What Bibulus' sons were doingin Egypt is a mystery, partly because we do not know how old they were; all we know about them is that they were outstandingly gifted or outstandingly beautiful, or both. The soldiers had been left in Egypt (basically as mercenaries) by Gabinius in 54 B.C. when hehad been bribed by Ptolemy XII Auletes to restore him to the throne from which he had been driven by his exasperated subjects. Why these particular troops took it into their heads to murder Bibulus' sons is another mystery, which we will touch upon, but our main concern here is the effect which the death of his sons had on Bibulus. Our contention is simply that the incident is part of a rarely documented example from the classical world of a clear mental breakdown in one prominent individual. In Bibulus' case it took the form of paralysing shock, followed by grief, depression, and a frenzy of sleepless activity in which he eventually wore himself to death. To understand how this operated in the way it did in this particular case, we need to understand Bibulus the man and his personal history.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0017383500028941
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Stepfather's Gift: L. Marcius Philippus and Octavian (1988)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Greece and Rome 35 (1988), S. 184-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0017-3835
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Archaeology , Classical Studies
    Notes: This is a study of how one prominent Roman responded to the role of stepfather, a role that began as an incidental and largely unregarded consequence of marrying a woman who already had children, and which for a variety of reasons assumed an unexpected importance. It develops a hint supplied from Sir Ronald Syme's The Roman Revolution that this particular stepfather may not have been quite as uninvolved in his stepson's ambitions as he was at pains to suggest to his contemporaries, but goes well beyond that to the question of how influential this stepfather was as a role-model in the light of his stepson's character and personality. The stepfather was L. Marcius Philippus (cos. 56 B.C.), and the stepson was the boy who eventually became the Emperor Augustus. How Philippus responded to being a stepfather illustrates some of the features of that role as it existed in Roman society: the absence of legal authority, and the importance of the stepfather's personality and character. He is not a typical stepfather, because there were no typical stepfathers, but his career as a stepfather sheds light on a neglected dimension of Roman family life. Before going on with L. Marcius Philippus himself, however, it is necessary to say something about stepfathers in general.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0017383500033106
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Effect of Ascorbic Acid on Helicobacter pylori Induced Cyclooxygenase 2 Expression and Prostaglandin E2 Production by Gastric Epithelial Cells in vitro (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Helicobacter 10 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background.  Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is induced by the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) on the gastric mucosa as part of the inflammatory response; this results in the synthesis of prostaglandins that amplify the local inflammatory response. The presence of H. pylori inhibits the secretion of ascorbate into the gastric lumen. Interestingly, ascorbate inhibits the growth of H. pylori and low dietary levels are associated with an increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma. We therefore investigated the effect of ascorbate on H. pylori mediated COX-2 induction and prostaglandin production in vitro.Methods.  H. pylori was cocultured with gastric epithelial cells in the presence of ascorbate at physiological concentrations. The expression of COX-2 was assessed by Western blotting and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was assessed by ELISA.Results.  Ascorbate inhibited gastric cell PGE2 synthesis but not in COX-2 expression in response to H. pylori. In the absence of the organism, ascorbate also reduced PGE2 expression in cells that constitutively express COX-2, again with no reduction of COX-2 protein expression.Conclusions.  Physiological concentrations of ascorbate inhibit PGE2 but not COX-2 expression in response to H. pylori in gastric epithelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-5378.2005.00295.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Codon Usage in Giardia lamblia (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 39 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A codon usage table for the intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia was generated by analysis of the nucleotide sequences of eight genes comprising 3,135 codons. Codon usage revealed a biased use of synonomous codons with a preference for NNC codons (42.1%). The codon usage of G. lamblia more closely resembles that of the prokaryote Halobacterium halobium (correlation coefficient r= 0.73) rather than that of other eukaryotic protozoans, i.e. Trypanosoma brucei (r= 0.434) and Plasmodium falciparum (r=–0.31). These observations are consistent with the view that G. lamblia represents the first line of descent from the ancestral cells that first took on eukaryotic features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1992.tb04865.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renovascular hypertension in Marfan syndrome (1997)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 11 (1997), S. 499-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words: Marfan syndrome ; Hypertension ; Renal artery stenosis ; Fibrillin ; Arteriography ; Angioplasty
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A defect in fibrillin integrity predisposes patients with Marfan syndrome to vascular wall abnormalities, most notably aortic rupture and dissection. Renal vascular anomalies have not been described previously in children with Marfan syndrome. In this report, we detail data from a hypertensive 14-year-old girl with clinical stigmata of Marfan syndrome and a diagnostic evaluation significant for characteristic aortic root dilatation and aneurysm, as well as a disparity in renal size and function exacerbated by captopril administration. Renal arteriography confirmed a left main renal artery stenosis that was not amenable to balloon angioplasty. Surgical resection resulted in significant improvement in hypertension. Pathological examination of the resected renal artery segment revealed intimal proliferation, fragmentation of the elastic media, and inner medial dissection. This patient demonstrates that, in addition to the aorta, renal arteries can be affected with the characteristic vascular wall pathology of Marfan syndrome, resulting in systemic hypertension. These data suggest that children with Marfan syndrome and hypertension need to be evaluated carefully for the presence of renal anomalies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670050327
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immune response to Escherichia coli O157:H7 in hemolytic uremic syndrome following salmonellosis (1997)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 11 (1997), S. 488-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words: Hemolytic uremic syndrome ; Salmonella ; Escherichia coli O157:H7 ; Shiga-like toxin ; Immune response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Escherichia coli O157:H7, a Shiga-like toxin (SLT)-producing enteric pathogen, has been implicated in most cases of post-diarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+HUS). Infection with other bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella has also preceded D+HUS episodes, leading to speculation that these organisms may also be etiological. We present two children with unrelated D+HUS following salmonellosis. Both children had negative stool cultures on sorbitol-MacConkey agar soon after the onset of diarrhea. After the diagnosis of HUS, both patients had repeat stool cultures positive for Salmonella alone. Polymerase chain reactions for SLT I and II gene sequences in Salmonella isolates were negative. Enzyme-linked imunosorbent assay for specific humoral response to E. coli O157:H7 lipopolysaccharide in acute and convalescent serum samples revealed evidence of heretofore undetected E. coli O157:H7 infection contemporaneous with each D+HUS episode. These cases demonstrate that isolation of only non-SLT-producing microbes from children with D+HUS should raise suspicion of concurrent undetected infection with SLT-producing organisms. Assaying specific immune response to E. coli O157:H7 can be an important epidemiological adjunct. Bacterial infection with non-SLT-producing Salmonella may represent concomitant enteric pathology rather than D+HUS-instigating infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670050323
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute interstitial nephritis presenting as presumed minimal change nephrotic syndrome (1998)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 12 (1998), S. 576-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words: Nephrotic syndrome ; Interstitial nephritis ; Minimal change disease ; Amoxicillin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Nephrotic syndrome (NS) secondary to drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is well described in adult but is very rare in children. We report an unusual case of AIN mimicking prototypical childhood minimal change NS. A 2-year-old girl on long-standing amoxicillin therapy for vesicoureteral reflux presented with the acute onset of generalized edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, and an inactive urinary sediment. She was placed on empiric steroid therapy for presumed minimal change NS. When she did not respond to steroids, a renal biopsy was performed and revealed AIN. Her NS resolved completely with cessation of her amoxicillin therapy and concomitant tapering of her steroids. This patient demonstrates that the association of AIN with NS should be carefully considered in children on antimicrobials who develop NS, even in the absence of the classic clinical features of AIN. In addition to the usual work-up and care of a child with NS, in these patients consideration may also need to be given to withdrawal of the potential precipitating agent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670050508
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