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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Experimental colonic adenocarcinoma ; Transplantation ; Metastases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Transplantable tumour lines were obtained from one duodenal carcinoma induced byN-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in the Lewis rat and from six colonic carcinomas induced by 1,2 dimethylhydrazine in BDIX or Fisher rats. The tumours were serially transplanted by the subcutaneous route into homologous syngeneic rats. The seven tumours differ from one another in their histological structure, five of them being well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas, and in their capacity to produce neutral or acidic mucins. The seven tumours also differ in their growth rate. The seven lines produced metastases; the metastatic potential and the location of the metastases differed from one line to another. The seven lines kept their original differentiation characteristics through multiple passages, representing several years of transplantation into syngeneic hosts. These tumours represent a useful and diversified model of metastatic intestinal carcinoma, available for basic research and therapeutic trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 49 (1983), S. 612-613 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 48 (1982), S. 492-493 
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 449-457 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Neonates ; ampicillin ; kanamycin ; post-menstrual age ; postnatal age ; pharmacokinetic parameters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Standard dose-blood level relationships and pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for ampicillin in 34 neonates and for kanamycin in 27 neonates. The parameters were correlated with the postmenstrual age, the postnatal age of the newborns and with the plasma creatinine clearance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ampicillin ; kanamycin ; neonates ; variability of plasma concentrations ; predictability of plasma concentrations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The variability and predictability of the plasma concentration of ampicillin and kanamycin in new-born infants being treated for infections are discussed. For kanamycin a standard dose regimen of 7.5 mg/kg/12 h is recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Während eines Untersuchungszeitraumes von 21 Monaten traten in einer Universitätsklinik für Erwachsene 77 Fälle von Bakteriämie durchStaphylococcus aureus auf (1,83 Fälle auf 1000 Einweisungen). Davon waren nicht weniger als 81,8% Hospitalinfektionen. Die altersbezogene Inzidenz stieg regelmäßig vom sechzigsten Lebensjahr an. Männer waren 1,96mal häufiger betroffen als Frauen. Dieser höhere Anteil von Männern war signifikant, wenn man das Geschlechtsverhältnis aller im Untersuchungszeitraum aufgenommenen Patienten mit berücksichtigte. Staphylokokkenbakteriämie führte bei 14 von 47 Patienten (18,2%) zum Tode. Die am häufigsten vorkommende Infektionsquelle war die intravaskuläre Infektion (25 von 77 Fällen; 32,5%). Schwere Komplikationen wurden im Verlauf von 14 Bakteriämien beobachtet. Acht dieser Patienten hatten eine Endocarditis und vier verstarben. Toleranz wurde bei 9 von 77 Staphylokokkenstämmen gesehen; dies könnte das Ansprechen auf die antimikrobielle Therapie in zumindest einem Fall beeinflußt haben.
    Notes: Summary During a period of 21 months an analysis was made of bacteremia caused byStaphylococcus aureus in a teaching hospital for adults. During the observation period staphylococcal bacteremia was detected in 77 patients, i.e. in 1.83 cases per 1,000 admissions. Not less than 81.8% of staphylococcal bacteremia cases were hospital-acquired. The age-specific attack rate increased consistently from the sixth decade onwards. The male/female ratio was 1.96: 1. If this ratio was related to the sex ratio of patients admitted to the hospital during the observation period, statistical significance was reached for the surplus of males. Staphylococcal bacteremia contributed to death in 14 of 47 patients, i.e. 18.2%. Intravascular infection was the most prevalent source of infection (25 of 77 cases, i.e. 32.5%). Serious complications were observed in 14 cases of staphylococcal bacteremia. Eight of these patients had endocarditis and four died. Tolerance was observed with nine of 77 strains and may have influenced the reaction to antimicrobial therapy in at least one case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 9 (1981), S. 283-289 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die zwischen 1972 und 1977 an einer 900-Betten-Universitätsklinik für Erwachsene aufgetretenen Bakteriämien wurden an Hand von bakteriologischen, demographischen und einer begrenzten Zahl von klinischen Daten mit Bezug zu echter Bakteriämie analysiert. Von 11% aller in dieser Zeit aufgenommenen Patienten wurden Blutkulturen angelegt, und zwar im Durchschnitt etwas über vier pro Patient. Bakteriämien wurden bei 1,32% aller Patienten und bakteriämische Episoden bei 1,98% festgestellt. Inzidenz und Letalität der Bakteriämien hatten ihren Altersgipfel in der siebten Lebensdekade. Das altersspezifische Vorkommen der Bakteriämien und ihre Letalität nahm vom fünften Lebensjahrzehnt an steil zu. Für die gemittelte altersspezifische Bakteriämieninzidenz bei männlichen und weiblichen Patienten errechnete sich ein Relationsfaktor von 1,23; der Unterschied war statistisch signifikant. Die Relation von Bakteriämien in chirurgischen und nicht-chirurgischen Abteilungen betrug 2:1, sie variierte über die Jahre nicht wesentlich. Von 90% der verantwortlichen pathogenen Erreger waren 36% grampositiv und 64% gramnegativ. Insgesamt betrug die Letalität der Bakteriämien 23%, sie stieg mit dem Schweregrad der Grunderkrankung an. Bei Bakteriämien durchStaphylococcus epidermidis betrug die Letalität 3%, beiEscherichia coli 18% und lag somit signifikant unter der allgemeien Letalität von 23%; Bakteriämien durchKlebsiella sp. lagen mit 32%, durchPseudomonas sp. mit 42% und durch Mischflora mit 40% signifikant über der mittleren Letalität. Ein hochsignifikanter Unterschied bestand in der Anzahl der Hospitalinfektionen und der außerhalb des Krankenhauses erworbenen Infektionen; die Inzidenzen verhielten sich wie 3:1, die Letalitäten wie 6,7:1. Hospitalinfektionen endeten signifikant häufiger letal. Der Temperaturanstieg lag bei 8,7% der normotensiven Patienten am ersten Tag der Bakteriämie nicht über 38° C. 1.6% dieser Patienten wurden mit Kortikosteroiden behandelt. Bei mehr als der Hälfte der Fälle (55%) waren Harnwege, Peritoneum, untere Atemwege und intravenöse Katheter Eintrittspforte für die Bakteriämie. Bakteriämien, die von Harnwegen und von intravenösen Kathetern ausgingen, hatten eine Letalität, die signifikant unter 23% lag, bei primärer Infektion des Peritoneum oder der unteren Atemwege lag die Letalität signifikant darüber.
    Notes: Summary During a period of six years, i. e. 1972 to 1977, an analysis was made of bacteriologic, demographic and a restricted number of clinical data related to true bacteremias occurring in a 900 bed University Hospital for adult patients in The Netherlands. Blood cultures were performed in 11% of the patients admitted. The mean number of blood cultures taken per patient amounted to just over four. The incidence of bacteremia and of bacteremic episodes was 1.32% and 1.98% respectively. The age distribution for the occurrence and fatality of bacteremia showed a peak in the seventh age decade. The age-specific attack rates and fatality rates increased sharply from the fifth decade onwards. The ratio of the mean age-specific attack rates in male and female patients was 1.23. This difference was statistically significant. The ratio of bacteremias occurring in surgical and non-surgical services was 2:1. Of the organisms responsible for 90% of the bacteremias, 36% belonged to gram-positive species and 54% to gram-negative species. The fatality rate of all patients suffering from bacteremia was 23%, and this rate increased with the severity of the underlying disease. The fatality rate was significantly lower than 23% in patients with bacteremia caused byStaphylococcus epidermidis (3%) andEscherichia coli (18%), but significantly higher when caused byKlebsiella sp. (32%),Pseudomonas sp. (42%) and mixed species (40%). The ratio between hospital-acquired and community-acquired bacteremias was 3:1. The ratio of fatalities between these two categories of patients was 6.7:1. The difference between these two ratios was highly significant. In 8.7% of normotensive patients, the temperature on the first day of bacteremia did not exceed 38°C. 1.6% of these patients were treated with corticosteroids. The urinary tract, the peritoneum, the lower respiratory tract and the intravenous catheter together constituted more than half (55%) of the portals of entry of the bacteremic episodes. The fatality rate among patients was significantly lower than 23% if the portal of entry was the urinary tract or an intravenous catheter; the fatality rate was significantly higher if the portal of entry was the peritoneum or the lower respiratory tract.
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