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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 34 (1976), S. 7-19 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Substantia nigra ; Gunn rat ; Mitochondria ; Intramitochondrial glycogen ; Electronmicroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The substantia nigra of hyperbilirubinemic (Gunn) rats was studied using light and electron microscopic techniques. PAS-positive inclusions were observed within the neuronal somata of animals 2 to 12 weeks old. Incubation of tissue sections in 0.5% diastase inhibited most of the positive PAS reaction, thus indicating the intraneuronal presence of glycogen. Electron microscopic examination of the tissue substantiated the histochemical data. Mitochondria in neuronal somata contained collections of osmiophilic granules, 200–300 Å diameter, in their intracristal (intermembrane) space. These granules were typical of β-glycogen particles.In increasingly older animals (from 2 to 12 weeks old) progressively fewer collections of intramitochondrial glycogen were observed. In these same animals there was, however, a concomitant increase of osmiophilic granules, 400–600 Å diameter, located in the cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticulum. These granules corresponded to α-glycogen. After 12 weeks of age, only occasional glycogen granules were seen in either the mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum. It is suggested that the intramitochondrial glycogen represents an alternate means by which the neuron is able to manufacture ATP following the disruption of oxydative phosphorylation caused by bilirubin. Furthermore it is suggested that with the recovery of oxydative phosphorylation the intramitochondrial collections of glycogen are transferred to the endoplasmic reticulum where glycogenolysis might possibly occur.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 35 (1976), S. 93-107 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Substantia nigra ; Gunn rat ; Complex membranous bodies ; Bilirubin ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The substantia nigra of various aged hyperbilirubinemic (Gunn) rats was studied by means of electron microscopy. The cytological features observed in the neuronal somata were the presence of (1) complex membranous bodies (CMBs), (2) dilated cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticulum, (3) single membrane bound vacuoles and (4) enlarged mitochondria. Nearly every neuronal soma studied in two week old Gunn rats contained CMBs, which consisted of several layers of membrane that usually, but not always, surrounded small islands of cytoplasm. On occasion CMBs were seen to be directly connected with granular endoplasmic reticulum and, in a few instances, they were located within a cistern of endoplasmic reticulum. There were significantly fewer CMBs in the neuronal somata of adult Gunn rats. They were located peripherally in the somata or in the proximal portions of dendrites. Furthermore, in these animals the cytoplasm appeared normal and did not exhibit the features commonly seen in younger animals. Only a few hyperchromatic neurons were observed and no pronounced gliosis was evident. Therefore it is assumed that the majority of substantia nigra neurons recovered from the toxic effect of bilirubin or that the concentration of bilirubin deposited in the substantia nigra is not sufficient to be lethal. The hypothesis that is considered is that CMBs represent autophagic activity which results from exposure of neurons to bilirubin. The adjacent neurites and glia did not demonstrate the cytoplasmic changes that were characteristic of the neuronal somata.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 121 (1971), S. 1-13 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuroglia ; Ependyma ; Tanycytes ; Third ventricle ; Rodents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tanycytes along the third ventricle have been studied in adult rat and mouse brains with the rapid Golgi method. A tanycyte can be divided into three portions: somatic, neck, tail. The somatic portion is in the ependymal layer and frequently has thin cytoplasmic extensions. The neck portion originates from the soma and sticks into the periventricular layer. It, too, has numerous fine lamellar processes radiating from it. The neck contacts a blood vessel. Distal to this contact, the neck becomes thin and devoid of its cytoplasmic processes. This is the tail portion, which courses through hypothalamic nuclei to terminate as small bulbous swellings either on a vessel or at the pial surface. Although tanycytes occur throughout the dorsoventral extent of the ventricle, they are especially numerous ventrally. Midway down the ventricular wall, the neck processes interdigitate and form a moderately loose fabric beneath the ependyma. Proceeding ventrally, this becomes denser and thicker. Because the tails have no apparent associations with cells in the hypothalamic nuclei, the functional interactions of tanycytes with hypothalamic neuropil are probably confined to the periventricular layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 191 (1978), S. 473-491 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus (rat) ; Ventromedial nucleus ; Cytology ; Electronmicroscopy ; Golgi method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two sorts of neurons are recognized in Golgi impregnations of the rat ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (HVM). The two cell types, category I and II neurons, are differentiated on the basis of their somatic, dendritic, and axonal characteristics. Category I neurons form most of the neuronal population and are located throughout HVM. The small number of category II neurons that have been studied occur in lateral HVM. Two varieties of neuronal profile, “common” and “uncommon cells”, are seen in thin sections of HVM. The “uncommon cells”, in comparison with the “common ones”, appear to have a larger soma, a more electron-dense cytoplasmic matrix, an abundance of Nissl bodies, and a population of dense-cored vesicles (100–130 nm in diameter). Some of the somata and proximal dendrites of “common”, but not “uncommon” cells, are wrapped in multiple layers of astrocytic processes. Although the correlation is tentative, it is argued that category I neurons correspond to “common cells” and category II, to “uncommon cells”. One possible implication of this correspondence is discussed regarding neuronal alteration in response to change in the endocrinological environment of the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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