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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Susceptibility to ergot in Zimbabwe of sorghums that remained uninfected in their native climates in Ethiopia and Rwanda (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 43 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Forty-four local Ethiopian and Rwandan sorghums (Sorghum bicolor) were observed to remain free of ergot, or had only low incidence, in their natural equatorial latitudes and were potentially of interest, in the design of male-sterile lines for F1 hybrid breeding, if they possessed a physiologically based resistance mechanism. These sorghums were therefore also investigated under natural and artificial disease pressures in Zimbabwe where unadapted development and inappropriate long daylength prevented flowering in 18 accessions. Of the remaining 16 Ethiopian and 10 Rwandan accessions which flowered, only one from each country remained free of ergot. The susceptibility expressed was ascribed to observed asynchrony of stigma exsertion with anthesis. In the Rwandan accession that persistently remained free of ergot in Zimbabwe, histology of ovules showed pollination before floret gaping, so that a general principle of disease escape due to efficient pollination is proposed for the Ethiopian and Rwandan sorghums in their native climates. The findings emphasize that cleistogamy is a desirable character for avoiding ergot infection in self-fertile sorghums and suggest that the Ethiopian and Rwandan sorghums may not generally be useful for breeding ergot-resistant male-sterile female lines. However, a few accessions deserve more detailed study as a potential genetic resource, before a firm conclusion that all apparent resistance is disease escape owing to efficient pollination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1994.tb00549.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Windborne spread of ergot disease (Claviceps africana) in sorghum A-lines in Zimbabwe (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 42 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Ergot disease spread rapidly in Zimbabwe amongst replicated plots of male-sterile sorghum A-lines, from a group of centrally situated and precociously inoculated plants. Prominent secondary conidiation by the pathogen, Claviceps africana, on the surface of exuded honeydew provided airborne spores which were trapped in a Burkard continuous spore trap and showed diurnal peaks of concentration in air close to the primary source of inoculum. The rate of disease spread (r=0·2; range 0·14–0·58) closely matched that recorded for other plant pathogens such as Phytophthora infestans and Puccinia graminis tritici, and it is concluded that the characteristic secondary conidia of C. africana were the principal epidemiological agents within the experimental area. Ergot spread by windborne secondary conidia has significant epidemiological and economic implications for sorghum hybrid breeding in southern Africa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1993.tb01514.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Powdery mildew on winter wheat in Bulgaria, 1980: Relations between disease incidence, disease severity, and yield (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 90 (1984), S. 41-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Keywords: crop loss ; epidemiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Sofia, Bulgarije, in detail bestudeerd. Van 32 veldjes van 1 m2 groot, in vier blokken van acht veldjes verdeeld over een groot tarweperceel, werd de helft kunstmatig geïnfecteerd met meeldauw, terwijl de andere helft aan natuurlijke infectie werd blootgesteld. De bespuitingen variëerden van een tot drie bespuitingen met triadimenfon, alsmede een onbespoten controle. Op drie dagen werden aantastingsgraad en incidentie van meeldauw bepaald aan de drie bovenste bladlagen. Een aantal relaties werd berekend tussen incidentie, aantastingsgraad en opbrengstvariabelen (planthoogte, aarlengte, aantal korrels per aar, korrelgewicht per aar). In ontwikkelingsstadium F 10.1 bleek meeldauw-incidentie een eenvoudige en betrouwbare maat te zijn voor toekomstige opbrengstderving. Meeldauw-incidentie kan als maat gebruikt worden bij de geleide bestrijding van meeldauw in Bulgarije, maar er zullen nog veel proeven nodig zijn om dit doel te bereiken.
    Notes: Abstract Mildew epidemics in 1980 on winter wheat cv. Sadovo 1 near Sofia, Bulgaria, were studied in detail. Half of the experimental plots were artificially inoculated, whereas the others were naturally infected. Fungicide treatments on all plots consisted of from nil to three applications of triadimefon. On four days, mildew severity, plant height and the yield components ear length, number of kernels, and grain weight per ear were determined. Mildew incidence showed to be a simple and reliable predictor of yield loss. It is suggested that mildew incidence can be used for decision making in the supervised control of wheat mildew in Bulgaria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01999952
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    International testing of incomplete resistance against brown rust (Puccinia recondita) in IPHR wheat lines (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of plant pathology 92 (1986), S. 49-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8469
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Samenvatting Veelbelovende tarwelijnen uit het Internationale Programma voor Horizontale Resistentie (IPHR) van de FAO in Brazilië en Zambia werden in Nederland getoetst tegen bruine roest (Puccinia recondita f.sp.tritici). Hierbij werd gebruik gemaakt van de fysiovelden-techniek. Geïsoleerde fysiovelden werden geïnoculeerd met vijf Nederlandse isolaten, ieder afkomstig van een sporenhoopje. Deze vijf isolaten vertegenwoordigden ten minste vier fysio's. Bij verscheidene lijnen vertoonden de volwassen planten een hoge mate van onvolledige resistentie. De meeste lijnen vertoonden in hun reactie op de verschillende fysio's een hoge mate van uniformiteit. Kennelijk kunnen lijnen, geselecteerd volgens de beginselen van het IPHR goede resultaten geven wanneer zij getoetst worden met roest-isolaten, waaraan zij tijdens het selectieproces nooit zijn blootgesteld.
    Notes: Abstract Promising wheat lines from FAO's International Program for Horizontal Resistance (IPHR) in Brazil and Zambia were tested in the Netherlands against brown rust (Puccinia recondita. f.sp.tritici). Race nursery tests were performed on isolated field plots using five monopustular isolates from the Netherlands representing at least four races. Mature plants of several lines showed high incomplete resistance. For most lines, the reactions to the different races showed a high uniformity. Apparently, lines selected according to the IPHR principles can perform well when exposed to brown rust isolates to which they have not been exposed during selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01998061
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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