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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In Vivo Dynamics of Norepinephrine Release-Reuptake in Multiple Terminal Field Regions of Rat Brain (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 63 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Electrical stimulation of the ascending dorsal tegmental bundle of the locus ceruleus was used to elicit controlled release of norepinephrine. Real-time in vivo monitoring in the brains of urethane-anesthetized rats was observed with high speed chronocoulometry at rapidly responding carbon fiber electrodes. Using modeling similar to that developed for dopamine release, the electrochemical signals were characterized as the balance between norepinephrine release per electrical stimulation pulse and apparent Michaelis-Menten reuptake parameters. Stimulation produced simultaneous overflow release at all terminal fields examined. The release and reuptake characteristics varied considerably in different regions. If the parameters are normalized to endogenous concentration in the terminal fields, release but not reuptake correlates with innervation density in several regions. Stimulated release results in norepinephrine overflow and transport in most brain regions with half-lives of 1–3 s and overflow distances of 25–50 µm at most. A surprising exception occurs in the upper layers of cortex (cingulate and sensory) where half-lives may be in the 10s of seconds and spatial reach may be up to 100 µm. The uptake in the outer cortical layers appears to be minimal and comparable with only nonspecific reuptake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.63030917.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Real-Time Monitoring of Electrically Stimulated Norepinephrine Release in Rat Thalamus: I. Resolution of Transmitter and Metabolite Signal Components (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 60 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Electrical stimulation of an ascending path of the locus ceruleus-norepinephrine system was used to elicit release of norepinephrine at noradrenergic terminal fields of the rat thalamus. Overflow into the extracellular fluid space was measured by fast in vivo chronoamperometry. At pretreated carbon fibers, the electrochemical signal consists of a sharp peak of ∼20–30-s duration followed by a slower, plateau-like decay to baseline. The peak, characterized by a variety of pharmacological manipulations and dialysis perfusion, is primarily due to norepinephrine. The plateau was shown to correspond to metabolite efflux of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. By varying the degree of electrochemical pretreatment, the response time and sensitivity of the fibers can be tuned to follow the entire signal or to select the separate components for detailed evaluation. This approach can be used to provide new information on the spatial and temporal characteristics of stimulated neurotransmitter release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03170.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nafion-coated carbon fiber electrodes for neurochemical studies in brain tissue (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 2 (1990), S. 175-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Extensive studies of the characteristics of electrochemically pretreated, Nafion-coated carbon fibers used for in vivo electrochemistry are summarized. While electrochemical pretreatment provides high sensitivity for the monitoring of catecholamine neurotransmitters, it causes fibers to respond slowly. The ionomer film, which confers selectivity, adds relatively little to the electrode time constant. In terms of sensitivity and time constant changes, serious interactions occur during the course of the in vivo experiments while the electrodes are exposed to brain tissue. Fortunately, selectivity characteristics do not change during in vivo experiments. Postcalibration procedures and other measurement techniques that provide reliable experimental measurements are discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140020303
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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