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  • 1
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary: We previously reported the induction of 90 kDa heat-shock protein (HSP90) in rat kidneys with cisplatin-induced acute tubular injury, gentamicin-induced acute renal failure and ischaemia-induced acuterenal failure. In the present study, we examined the expression of HSP90 in normal and diseased human kidneys. the 90-kDa heat-shock protein (HSP90) from mouse brains was purified, and a specific antibody against the protein in a rabbit was produced. This antibody cross-reacted with human renal HSP90 on immunoblot analysis. Using this antibody we observed the intrarenal immunohistochemical localization of HSP90 in both normal and various human diseased kidneys. We also examined the differences between the distributions of macrophages and HSP90 in cellular crescents. In the normal kidney, HSP90 was present in glomerular podocytes, Bowman's epithelia and epithelial cells from the distal tubules to the collecting duct. In diseased kidneys HSP90 was markedly expressed in the cytoplasm of proliferative cells within cellular crescents, but not in fibrocellular crescents. the localization of HSP90 in crescents did not coincide with that of macrophages. These results demonstrated that HSP90 is induced in the cytoplasm of cellular crescents. Heat-shock protein 90 may be expressed partly in response to some factors produced by macrophages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Kimmelstiel-Wison nodule ; Fibrils ; Periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate stain ; Collagen V ; Collagen VI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pathogenesis of the nodular lesion in diabetic glomerulosclerosis is described in association with fibrils. Thirteen diabetic patients with glomerular nodular lesions and 9 diabetics without the nodules were examined by electron microscopy using periodic acid-thio-carbohydrazide-silver proteinate staining. In cases of nodular glomerulosclerosis, abundant fibrillar structures mixed with electron-dense material were detected within the nodule and the mesangial matrix. They were also occasionally observed along the subendothelial space of the glomerular capillary walls. On the cross-section, these fibrils, including the lucent periphery, were 34 nm wide. Immunohistologically, collagen V and collagen VI were detected in nodular lesions. In contrast, in cases of the diffuse type of glomerulosclerosis, the widened mesangium was composed of dense material, which resembled the original mesangial matrix. The above fibrils were not detected in the mesangium. These findings suggest that the accumulation of the peculiar fibrils in the glomerular mesangium is a major pathogenic factor in the formation of Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have purified an isoform of protein disulfide isomerase (EC 5.3.4.1) from rat liver, and raised a specific antibody against the purified protein in rabbit. Immunohistochemical studies using this antibody on rat testis sections, at both light and electron microscopic levels, showed a specific localization of the isoform of protein disulfide isomerase in the developing acrosome of the spermatids. The protein was transferred to the acrosomic vesicle from the Golgi apparatus at late Golgi phase, and remained present in the acrosome of spermatids during cap phase, acrosome phase, and maturation phase. In addition to the acrosome, the protein appeared in the nucleus of spermatids during maturation phase, and was localized in the nucleus of epididymal spermatozoa. By immunoblot analysis, almost all of the isoform of protein disulfide isomerase in the testis was found to be extractable by an isotonic buffer. On the contrary, detergent extraction was required for complete solubilization of the protein in the epididymis. These results suggest that the isoform of protein disulfide isomerase is a new intra-acrosomal soluble protein, and that the protein begins to enter the nucleus of mature spermatids in the testis and tightly binds to the nuclear components in epididymal spermatozoa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-994X
    Keywords: HTLV-1 ; HAM ; ATL ; variants ; myelopathy ; leukemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract T lymphocytes of patients with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy (HAM) were cultured. After cultivating for several months, HAM-derived cell lines were tested for the presence of HTLV-1 proviral genome. We have found two major subgroups, the SacI type and the PstI type,of HTLV-1 by the restriction map analysis. They were almost equally distributed among HAM patients. We have also found two types of the provirus in DNA derived from fresh peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) or lymph node cells of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) patients. The PstI type proviruses were predominant in ATL patients. It was concluded that two major subgroups of HTLV-1 exist in Japan and both types have an ability to cause either of two diseases, ATL or HAM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um die Unterschiede zwischen Reticulumzellen und Sinusendothelien des Lymphknotens zu präzisieren, wurden axilläre, femorale und mesenteriale Lymphknoten weißer Mäuse elektronenmikroskopisch und enzymhistochemisch untersucht. Die Untersuchung erfolgte a) unter physiologischen Bedingungen, b) nach Tuschegabe, und c) nach Reizung durch Verabreichung von R.E.S.-Aktivatoren, wie Zymosan und Typhus-Paratyphus-Vaccine. Es ergeben sich folgende Befunde: 1. Elektronenmikroskopisch zeigen die Sinusendothelien einige charakteristische Verschiedenheiten im Vergleich zu den Reticulumzellen, z. B. in ihrer Lokalisation, in der submikroskopischen Struktur, besonders der intracellulären Organellen, vornehmlich der spezifischen Granula, und im Entstehungsmechanismus der Phagocytosegranula, sowie in der Verdauung der phagocytierten Substanzen. 2. Enzymhistochemisch zeigen die Sinusendothelien eine negative oder nur schwache Aktivität sämtlicher untersuchter Enzyme, ausschließlich der Aktivität der alkalischen Phosphatase, die sehr stark ist. Dagegen zeigen die Reticulumzellen eine bemerkenswerte Aktivität fast aller untersuchten Enzyme, besonders der sauren Phosphatase, welche eine enge Beziehung zur Phagocytosetätigkeit der Zelle hat. Auch unspezifische Esterase und β-Glucuronidase sind reichlich vorhanden. Auf Grund dieser Befunde sind die Sinusendothelien und Reticulumzellen als biologisch differente Zellformen zu bezeichnen. 3. Trotz der elektronenmikroskopischen und enzymhistochemischen Untersuchungen enthalten die Sinusendothelien nicht selten ziemlich zahlreiche Organellen im Cytoplasma und entaflten eine ziemlich starke Phagocytosefähigkeit. Ferner weisen besonders die Sinusendothelien des mesenterialen Lymphknotens, selbst im physiologischen Zustand, eine bemerkenswerte Aktivität der hydrolytischen Enzyme auf, besonders der sauren Phosphatase. Im Reizzustand zeigen auch die Sinusendothelien des axillären und femoralen Lymphknotens eine positive Aktivität dieses Enzyms. Diese Befunde führen zu der Annahme, daß die Sinusendothelien dadurch eine wesentliche morphologische und funktionelle Annäherung an die Reticuloendothelien wie die Kupfferschen Sternzellen erreichen. Aus diesem Grund erachten wir es ferner für richtig, die Sinusendothelien des mesenterialen Lymphknotens in das retikuloendotheliale System einzuschließen.
    Notes: Summary In order to clarify the morphological difference between the reticulum cell and the endothelium of the lymphatic sinus of the lymph node, the axillary, femoral and mesenteric lymph nodes of white mice were electronmicroscopically and enzymohistochemically studied. The examination was carried out not only under untreated, physiological conditions but also after the administration of carbon black and of R.E.S.-stimulants such as Zymosan and typhoid-paratyphoid-vaccine. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Electronmicroscopically, there were distinct differences between the endothelium of the lymphatic sinus and the reticulum cell in the localization, the submicroscopic cell character, particularly intracellular organelles, the specific granules, and in the mechanism of the formation of the phagocytized granules and their digestion. 2. Enzymohistochemically, the reticulum cell was rich in almost all of the enzymes examined, particularly acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase and β-glucuronidase. In contrast, the endothelium of the lymphatic sinus showed the absence of or only slight enzymatic activity, except for marked activity of alkaline phosphatase which suggested a functional similarity of this cell to the endothelium of the lymphatic vessels. With these two findings, it is not difficult to distinguish the endothelium of the lymphatic sinus of the lymph node from the reticulum cell. 3. In spite of the findings described above, the endothelium of the lymphatic sinus occasionally showed an abundance of intracellular organelles and a fairly marked activity of phagocytosis. The endothelium of the lymphatic sinus of the mesenteric lymph node showed, even under physiological conditions, remarkable hydrolase activity, particularly acid phosphatase. Under stimulated conditions, the endothelium of the lymphatic sinus of the lymph nodes of the other portions developed positive acid phosphatase activity. These findings suggest a morphological and functional similarity of the endothelium of the lymphatic sinus to the reticuloendothelium such as the Kupffer's stellate cell of the liver. On the basis of these findings it is reasonable to include the endothelium of the lymphatic sinus of the mesenteric lymph node in the R.E.S.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1437-7799
    Keywords: heat shock proteins ; HSP60 ; HSP70 ; gentamicin ; nephrotoxicity ; acquired resistance ; renal failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background Heat shock proteins contribute to the survival of cells under stress conditions. We have previously observed the expression of HSP90 and constitutive HSP70 in rat kidneys during stress loading. This study was designed to determine whether HSP60 and HSP70i are induced in rat kidneys during exposure to gentamicin. Methods During the continuous administration of gentamicin (40 mg/kg per day) to rats for 30 days, the changes of HSP60 and HSP70i in these kidneys were quantitatively investigated by immunoblot analyses using specific antibodies. Results The indicators for renal failure,N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine, increased, and reached the maximum levels at day 12. Thereafter, they spontaneously decreased, and were close to their normal levels at day 21, despite continued gentamicin exposure. The time course of HSP60 levels showed a unique 2-peak pattern exclusively in the cytosols of the cortex; the gentamicin target site. The second HSP60 peak occurred during the recovery phase, and coincided with published reports of a second peak of gentamicin accumulation in the kidney. The time course of HSP70i level showed a single peak at day 12 when the renal failure was most intense; the level was similar between the soluble and insoluble fractions in all portions of the kidney, except the inner medulla. Conclusion The increase in cytosolic HSP60 levels, as well as HSP70i levels, may be related to the spontaneous recovery from renal failure at the target site of the drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1437-7799
    Keywords: Key words Peritoneal dialysis ; Peritonitis ; Cat ; Pasteurella multocida
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 49-year-old man had three episodes of bacterial peritonitis in the 8 months after he started nocturnal intermittent peritoneal dialysis (NIPD) at home, using an automated cycler device. When peritonitis was first diagnosed, Enterobacter agglomerance was cultured in his peritoneal fluid. In the second and third episodes, Pasteurella multocida and alpha-Streptococcus were isolated, respectively. These bacteria are unusual pathogens in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) peritonitis. Detailed questioning revealed that a domestic cat had bitten the dialysis tube before the patient experienced the second episode of peritonitis. Pasteurella multocida is part of the normal oral flora in cats and dogs. We isolated Pasteurella multocida from the teeth of the patient's cat. Enterobacter agglomerance is part of the common bacterial flora in animal's alimentary tract, and alpha-Streptococcus is commonly found in animal's respiratory tracts. Since the patient removed the cat from his bedroom, he has had no peritonitis. NIPD is a very convenient sysytem for patients in the final stage of renal failure; however, patients must be aware of the risks associated with keeping pets in their homes. This case is the first report of cat-associated peritonitis in Japan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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