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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Load on the low back of teachers in nursery schools (1996)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 68 (1996), S. 52-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Nursery teacher ; Low back load ; Working posture ; Trunk inclination angle ; Child-lifting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to evaluate the load on the low back of teachers in nursery schools, basic activity, working posture, child-lifting, and desk-lifting were analyzed for eight nursery teachers using video recording. The trunk inclination angle (TIA) was also measured continuously during full workshifts for 20 nursery teachers using an inclination monitor. The nursery teachers in the 0–1 (year) age class more often adopted low working postures, “sitting on the floor” and “kneeling,” while teachers in the 4–5 age class more frequently adopted high working postures, “standing” and “sitting on a chair.” The mean of TIA among all subjects was 20°. The time spent at a TIA of more than 20° represented 43% of the workshift. The mean and time distribution of TIA did not differ between the age classes. The frequency of trunk-lifting from severe bending forward (TIA 〉 45°) was 86 times/hour on average. The frequency of trunk-lifting was highest in the 0–1 age class. The number of times of child-lifting was 46 in the 0–1 age class, while it was 1 in the 4–5 age class.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01831633
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erratum (1989)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 61 (1989), S. 426-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381037
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new HPLC fluorimetric method to monitor urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-U) levels in workers exposed to lead (1989)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 61 (1989), S. 297-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Lead ; Delta-aminolevulinic acid ; HPLC ; Biological monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new sensitive HPLC method for the determination of urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-U) was used to evaluate the relationship between blood-lead (Pb-B) and ALA-U levels in male workers exposed to lead. The differences between the ALA-U levels determined by this method (ALAU-HP) and by a colorimetric method (ALA-U-CL) are discussed. The HPLC method gave values similar to the ALA-U-CL values at high ALA-U level. However, at low blood-lead levels (58 ± 22 μg/l, n = 23), the mean ALA-U-HP level corrected by urinary creatinine level was one-third of the corrected ALA-UCL level (0.83 ± 0.14 and 2.4 ± 0.5 mg/g creatinine, respectively). A significant increase of the mean corrected ALA-U-HP level was observed at 162 ± 22 μg/l Pb-B (P 〈 0.05, n = 26), while that of ALA-UCL was observed at 245 ± 30 μg/l Pb-B (P 〈 0.01, n = 37). The regression equation based on the logistic model fitted well to the relationship data between the Pb-B level and the percentage of the subjects with corrected ALA-U-HP above the cut-off point (1.12 mg/g creatinine) and the expected Pb-B level for 50% response was 270 μg/l Pb-B, while it did not fit well to the relationship data between Pb-B level and the percentage of the subjects with corrected ALAU-CL above the cut-off point (3.5 mg/g creatinine). The maximum responses for the two sets of corrected ALA-U levels were both observed at 625 ± 25 μg/l. The corrected ALA-U level by HPLC method seems to be a useful indicator for biological monitoring of exposure to lead at low levels (〈 400 μg/l Pb-B = health-based biological limit, WHO) as well as high ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409384
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation between lead in plasma and other indicators of lead exposure among lead-exposed workers (1996)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 68 (1996), S. 58-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Lead in Plasma ; Lead exposure indicators ; Workers ; Heme synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to clarify the bioavailability of lead in plasma (PbP), we performed a study on five workers in a Japanese factory manufacturing lead glass-based paints. Blood and urine samples were obtained over a period of 15 months, during which time the workers took it in turns to perform sifting work (with the highest level of lead exposure) for 1-month periods. A total of 75 sets of blood and urine samples were thus obtained. We determined whole blood lead (PbB), PbP, Urinary coproporphyrin (CPU), urinary δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALAU), urinary lead (PbU) and ALA in plasma (ALAP). In the 15 sets of samples obtained at the end of the period with a high level of lead exposure, PbP correlated significantly with ALAU, CPU, PbU and ALAP, but PbB correlated significantly only with PbU. In the 60 sets of samples obtained following a low level of lead exposure, correlation coefficients between the concentrations of PbP and of ALAU, CPU and PbU exceeded those between the concentrations of PbB and of ALAU, CPU and PbU. These findings indicate that PbP is a better dose indicator of lead biochemically available for heme synthesis and that PbU has a closer correlation with PbP than with PbB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01831634
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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