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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 4988-4993 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Adsorption of PH3 onto Si(100) and hydrogen desorption therefrom at various adsorption temperatures Ta have been investigated by the temperature-programmed-desorption (TPD) method, which includes measurements on repeatedly adsorbed surfaces to obtain the surface phosphorus coverage. The TPD peak showed a shift toward higher temperatures for Ta above 400 °C, which can be correlated to the onset of the hydrogen desorption and a resultant concentrated adsorption of the phosphorus atoms during exposure. A support for this correlation is given by further analysis of the TPD line shape, which clarified that surface phosphorus restricts hydrogen desorption both by suppressing hydrogen association and by increasing the desorption energy. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 1045-1050 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A computer simulation method to study a laser-induced transient temperature profile of a multilayered phase-change optical recording disk (PCORD) has been developed. The simulation program consists of two parts. One part is an optical analysis program based on the optical characteristic matrix method, and the other is a thermal analysis program based on the finite-element method. A new estimation method for thermal conductivity of recording films was proposed. The estimated thermal conductivity of the thin-film recording media was found to be 50% lower than that of the bulk. Reflectivity, absorbance, and temperature values obtained with this simulation method were compared with those measured by a spectrophotometer and an infrared radiation thermometer when the samples were irradiated in an Ar+ laser beam. The accuracy using this simulator was within 8% for reflectivity and absorbance and within 10% for temperature. A method of optimizing the laser-absorbing layer was studied. With this method simulations showed that the PCORD had a maximum contrast ratio and minimum recording time when thickness, thermal conductivity, and complex refractive index of the laser-absorbing film were 60 nm, 4.2×10−3 W/cm °C, and 2.6−i⋅0.0, respectively. This simulation could provide better film designs for PCORDs and the other optical disks of heat mode recording.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The first results of the performance test of the large negative ion source for a JT-60U negative-ion-based neutral beam injector (N-NBI) are presented. The ion source consists of a cesium seeded multicusp plasma generator, where negative ions are produced via volume and surface processes, a 110 cm×45 cm multiaperture extractor, and a three-stage electrostatic accelerator. After negative ion production and voltage holding tests in test stands, the ion source was installed in the N-NBI system and the full power test began. Up to now, the ion source has produced 400 keV, 5.9 A (2.4 MW) D− ion beams, the world highest D− current and beam power, with a pulse duration of 0.1 s. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The acceleration grid heat load was measured for the first time as a function of the bias voltage, with the source filling gas pressure using a 400 keV three-stage electrostatic accelerator with multi-aperture. The bias voltage dependence shows that leakage of electrons extracted with H− ions to an accelerator is suppressed efficiently in the extractor. The heat load is mainly due to electrons stripped from H− ions at a high source pressure. The heat load due to the stripped electrons could be suppressed effectively by reducing the source pressure. It was confirmed experimentally that reduction of the source pressure is important to suppress the electron acceleration. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Neutral beam injection has been the most successful scheme used to heat magnetically confined plasmas studied in controlled nuclear fusion research, and neutral beams are a candidate to heat to ignition the International Tokamak Experimental Reactor (ITER). This article describes the system which is presently being designed in Europe, Japan, and Russia, with coordination by the Joint Central Team of ITER at Naka, Japan. The proposed system consists of three negative ion based neutral injectors, delivering a total of 50 MW of 1 MeV D0 to the ITER plasma for pulse length of (approximately-greater-than)1000 s. The proposed injectors each use a single caesiated volume arc discharge negative ion source, and a multigrid, multiaperture accelerator, to produce about 40 A of 1 MeV D−. This will be neutralized in a subdivided gas neutralizer, which has a conversion efficiency of about 60%. The charged fraction of the beam emerging from the neutralizer is dumped onto the water-cooled surfaces making up the electrostatic residual ion dump. A water-cooled calorimeter can be moved into the beam path to intercept the neutral beam, allowing commissioning of the injector independent of ITER. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 1023-1028 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Large area ion sources have been used in ion doping systems in the field of LCD production. In these ion sources good uniformity and wide dynamic range in beam current are both required to achieve the good dose uniformity in wide dose range. A new ion source which uses dc arc discharge with three filaments, each of which is controlled individually, is now in the production lines instead of the conventional rf discharge type. Better than 5% of beam uniformity across 600 mm is achieved by an automated feedback control using beam profile data taken by a built-in beam profiler in less than 10 s from arc ignition. Another emerging requirement is high beam purity, for the ion beams from these ion sources are used without mass analysis. The hydrogen ion fraction was successfully reduced by magnetically retarding the hydrogen ions to less than 5%. A large area ion source having a newly designed mass separating structure is developed. The structure is comprised of a permanent magnet array and a beamlet scanner just after the multiple-slot beam extraction electrode system. All the unwanted ion species in the beam can be eliminated to a good level. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 1173-1175 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new-concept plasma grid, named frame-cooling-type plasma grid, was developed for a long pulse operation of a cesium-seeded volume H− ion source. The frame-cooling-type plasma grid was tested using a long pulse H− ion source. The grid has a kind of bellows structure that acts as thermal insulator to keep the surface temperature at an optimum value for H− ion production. It was confirmed that the temperature was kept at over 250 °C, an optimum temperature for the cesium effect, in steady-state operations with the plasma grid cooled by room-temperature water. Using the plasma grid, a maximum H− ion beam of 40 keV, 600 mA (16 mA/cm2) for a long pulse operation of 90 s was generated successfully. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 947-949 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Grid power loading in a multistage, multigrid accelerator was calorimetrically measured using the Japan Atomic Energy Institute 400 keV accelerator. This is the first result on the grid power loading in the multistage accelerator. It is turned out that the extracted electrons are effectively suppressed in an extractor. The leakage of the electrons extracted from the source plasma to the first acceleration grid, the second grid and the grounded grid were no more than 0.8%, 0.2%, and nearly zero of the extracted electron current, respectively. Under the optimum beam optics that gives the lowest beam divergence, the power loadings of the acceleration grids were dominated by acceleration of the stripped electrons. At a typical source operating pressure of 0.3 Pa, the power loadings of a first acceleration grid, a second acceleration grid, and a grounder grid were 3.4%, 5.0%, and 2.8% of the total beam power, respectively. From the comparison with the calculated grid power loading, it is found that the stripped electrons can be intercepted by intermediate acceleration grids before fully accelerated. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 1051-1053 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A high brightness negative hydrogen ion source has been developed for a high intensity proton linear accelerator. The ion source is volume production type. Negative ions are generated in a magnetically filtered multicusp plasma generator. The negative ion production is enhanced by seeding a small amount of cesium into the plasma generator. A negative hydrogen ion beam of 36 mA was extracted from a single aperture at an acceleration voltage of 50 kV. To obtain a higher ion beam current, the focusing of beamlets extracted from the multiaperture grid has been demonstrated with an aperture displacement technique. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 819-821 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The long-life version of a Bernas ion source is developed. It is called a Bernas-type electron active reflection (BEAR) ion source. The ion source has independently potential controlled reflectors, which are isolated from both an arc chamber and a filament. The potential of the reflectors is over 30 V negative with respect to the cathode potential. Because this potential can reflect enough emission electrons from the filament, the plasma production efficiency can be increased. In this method, we can minimize the arc voltage or a filament current compared with a conventional-type Bernas ion source, resulting in the reduction of a tungsten filament. Overall, the decrease in the filament diameter in the BEAR source was experimentally found to be below 50% of the conventional-type Bernas ion source. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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