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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial growth and biofilm production on pyrene (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 40 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Enrichment cultures inoculated with Arctic soil yielded a biofilm that grew on pyrene and phenanthrene. In a 60-day period, the biofilm degraded 20 μg ml−1 pyrene or 39 μg ml−1 phenanthrene. Single colonized pyrene crystals (approximately 1.5×0.75×0.35 mm) yielded 1011 culturable heterotrophs and 105 biofilm propagules. Analysis of ribosomal intergenic spacers identified six phylotypes in a clone library from the pyrene biofilm. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the phylotypes, in order of decreasing abundance, are most closely related to members of the genera Polaromonas, Sphingomonas, Alcaligenes, Caulobacter and Variovorax. Two isolates capable of growth on pyrene, both Pseudomonas spp., were obtained from the pyrene enrichment culture. Growth of microbial biofilms on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons has not been reported previously, and this mode of growth may have important effects on substrate uptake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2002.tb00932.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population dynamics and metabolic activity of Pseudomonas abietaniphila BKME-9 within pulp mill wastewater microbial communities assayed by competitive PCR and RT-PCR (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 38 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Resin acids contribute to the acute toxicity of pulp and paper mill effluent. We monitored the abundance and metabolic activity of the resin acid degrader, Pseudomonas abietaniphila BKME-9, within complex communities of laboratory-scale effluent treatment systems using competitive PCR and competitive RT-PCR, targeting the 16S rDNA and rRNA. In continuous culture, a positive linear relationship was found between the rRNA:rDNA ratio and specific growth rate of BKME-9. In batch culture, the rRNA:rDNA ratio peaked briefly during early exponential growth of BKME-9. During continuous growth of an activated sludge community inoculated with BKME-9, the rRNA:rDNA ratio of BKME-9 decreased when the community was stressed with an alkaline pH shock. After the pH shock, the metabolic activity and population of BKME-9 recovered concomitantly with recovery of resin acid removal activity in the system. Thus, BKME-9 has characteristics that could be useful for bioaugmentation of biotreatment systems, and it is possible to monitor the population and activity of BKME-9 in such complex systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2001.tb00878.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indirect bioremediation: biodegradation of hydrocarbons on a commercial sorbent (1997)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 8 (1997), S. 15-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: biodegradation ; crude oil ; hexadecane ; phenanthrene ; sorbent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Urea-formaldehyde polymer is currently used as asorbent for containment and clean up of hydrocarbons. The aerobic biodegradability of this polymer andhydrocarbons sorbed to the polymer were tested. Soilmicroorganisms readily grew on the polymer, and twoorganisms, a bacterium and a fungus, capable of growthon the polymer were isolated. However, biodegradationof the polymer was very slow and possibly incomplete. Biodegradation of the polymer was evident as a changein appearance of the polymer, but disappearance of thepolymer was not detectable in liquid culturesincubated for six months or soil cultures incubatedfor one month. Destruction of the polymer by soilmicroorganisms at ambient temperature does not appearto be practical. Degradation of 14C-labeledhexadecane and phenanthrene mixed with crude oil inliquid cultures inoculated with soil microorganismswas used as an estimate of general hydrocarbondegradation. When nitrogen was not limiting, therates of hexadecane and phenanthrene degradation werethe same, whether those hydrocarbons were sorbed tothe polymer or not sorbed. When nitrogen waslimiting, the polymer stimulated the rate ofhexadecane degradation but not the rate ofphenanthrene degradation. The polymer may stimulatehexadecane degradation by serving as a source ofnitrogen. However, optimal degradation of sorbedhydrocarbons requires nitrogen addition. The resultssuggest that it may be feasible to decontaminate spentpolymer by biodegradation of sorbed hydrocarbons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008285705628
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for chemiosmotic coupling of reductive dechlorination and ATP synthesis in Desulfomonile tiedjei (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 157 (1991), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Anaerobic respiration ; Desulfomonile tiedjei ; Proton-driven ATPase ; Proton-motive force ; Proton translocation ; Reductive dehalogenation ; Respiratory inhibitors ; Strain DCB-1 ; Sulfate-reducing bacterium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Desulfomonile tiedjei (strain DCB-1) was previously shown to conserve energy for growth from reductive dechlorination of 3-chlorobenzoate coupled to formate oxidation. We tested the hypothesis that a chemiosmotic mechanism couples reductive dechlorination and ATP synthesis in D. tiedjei. Dechlorination resulted in an increase in the ATP pool of cells. Uncouplers and ionophores decreased both the dechlorination rate and the ATP pool. However, at low concentrations the inhibitors had relatively greater effects on the ATP pool, and in some cases, even appeared to stimulate dechlorination. Those agents could not completely inhibit ATP synthesis while allowing dechlorination activity. The proton-driven ATPase inhibitor, N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), had similar effects. An imposed pH gradient also resulted in an increase in the ATP pool of cells, and this increase was partially inhibited by DCCD. Addition of 3-chlorobenzoate to cell suspensions caused proton translocation by the cells. Proton translocation was stimulated by the permeant thiocyanate anion and inhibited by uncouplers. A maximum H+/3-chlorobenzoate ratio of greater than two was observed. These findings suggest that dechlorination supports formation of a proton-motive force which in turn supports ATP synthesis via a proton-driven ATPase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00245326
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strain DCB-1 conserves energy for growth from reductive dechlorination coupled to formate oxidation (1990)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 153 (1990), S. 267-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Anaerobic degradation ; Reductive dehalogenation ; Chlorobenzoate ; Growth yield ; Anaerobic respiration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Strain DCB-1 is a strict anaerobe capable of the reductive dechlorination of chlorobenzoates. The effect of dechlorination on the yield of pure cultures of DCB-1 was tested. Cultures were incubated with formate or H2 as electron donors and CO2 as a putative carbon source. Relative to control cultures with benzoate, cultures which dechlorinated 3-chlorobenzoate and 3,5-dichlorobenzoate had higher yields measured both as protein and cell density. On the media tested the apparent growth yield was 1.7 to 3.4 g cell protein per mole Cl- removed. Dechlorination also stimulated formate oxidation by growing cultures. Resuspended cells required an electron donor for dechlorination activity, with either formate or elemental iron serving this function. Resuspended cells did not require an electron acceptor for formate consumption, but reductive dechlorination of 3CB to benzoate stoichiometrically stimulated oxidation of formate to CO2. These results indicate that DCB-1 conserves energy for growth by coupling formate, and probably, H2 oxidation to reductive dechlorination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249080
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification, characterization and gene sequence analysis of a novel cytochrome c co-induced with reductive dechlorination activity in Desulfomonile tiedjei DCB-1 (1997)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 168 (1997), S. 520-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Desulfomonile tiedjei DCB-1 ; Halorespiration ; Reductive dechlorination ; Electron ; transport ; Cytochrome c
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The sulfate-reducing bacterium, Desulfomonile tiedjei DCB-1, conserves energy for growth from reductive dechlorination of 3-chlorobenzoate via halorespiration. To understand this respiratory process better, we examined electron carriers from different cellular compartments of D. tiedjei. A 50-kDa cytochrome from the membrane fraction was found to be co-induced with dechlorination activity. This inducible cytochrome was extracted from the membrane fractions by Tris-HCl buffer containing ammonium sulfate at 35% saturation and was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by phenyl superose, Mono Q, and hydroxyapatite chromatography. The purified cytochrome had a high-spin absorption spectrum. In a pH titration experiment, the absorption spectrum of the inducible cytochrome shifted to low spin at pH 13.2. The midpoint potential of the inducible cytochrome at pH 7.0 was –342 mV. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the inducible cytochrome was determined and was used to obtain inverse PCR products containing the sequence of the gene encoding the inducible cytochrome. The ORF was 1398 bp and coded for a protein of 52.6 kDa. Two c-type heme-binding domains were identified in the COOH-terminal half of the protein. A putative signal peptide of 26 residues was found at the NH2-terminal end. The protein sequence was not found to have substantial sequence similarity to any other sequence in GenBank. We conclude that this is a c-type cytochrome substantially different from previously characterized c-type cytochromes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050530
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