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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extracellular Somatostatin Measured by Microdialysis in the Hippocampus of Freely Moving Rats: Evidence for Neuronal Release (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 60 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Intracerebral microdialysis combined with a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay was used to monitor the neuronal release of somatostatin (somatostatin-like immunoreactivity, SLI) in the dorsal hippocampus of freely moving rats. The sensitivity of the radioimmunoassay was optimized to detect 〈1 fmol/ml. The basal concentration of SLI in 20-min dialysate fractions (5 μl/min) collected 24 h after probe implantation was stable over at least 200 min. The spontaneous efflux dropped by 54 ± 6.4% (p 〈 0.05) when Ca2+ was omitted and 1 mM EGTA added to the Krebs-Ringer solution and by 65.5 ± 3.2% (p 〈 0.05) in the presence of 1 μM tetrodotoxin. Depolarizing concentrations of the Na+ channel opener veratridine (6.25, 25, 100 μM) induced 11 ± 2 (p 〈 0.05), 17 ± 2 (p 〈 0.05), and 21 ± 5 (p 〈 0.01) fold increase in SLI concentration, respectively, during the first 20 min of perfusion. The effect of 100 μM veratridine was blocked by coperfusion with 5 μM tetrodotoxin (p 〈 0.01) and reduced by 79% (p 〈 0.01) in the virtual absence of Ca2+. Neuronal depolarization by 20 min of perfusion with Krebs-Ringer solution containing 25 and 50 mM KCl and proportionally lowered Na+ increased the dialysate SLI 4.4 ± 1 (p 〈 0.05) and 17 ± 3 (p 〈 0.01) fold baseline, respectively. Ten micromolar ouabain, a blocker of Na+,K+-ATPase, increased the dialysate SLI 15-fold baseline, on average (p 〈 0.05), during 80 min of perfusion. The results demonstrate the suitability of brain microdialysis for monitoring the neuronal release of SLI and for studying its role in synaptic transmission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03200.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attentional demands reflect learning-induced alterations of bimanual coordination dynamics (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study aimed to investigate the effects of practice on bimanual coordination dynamics and attentional demands. Participants were asked to perform a dual-task associating a cyclic antiphase bimanual pattern and a discrete reaction time task. A pretest determined each individual critical transition frequency. In the training session, participants practised 120 trials. They were instructed to maintain the antiphase coordination pattern at the critical transition frequency. The training session was interrupted and followed by an intermediate test (after 60 trials) and a post-test (30 min after 120 trials), respectively. A retention test was performed 7 days after the end of the training session. Results showed that: (i) the number of transitions decreased as a consequence of practice; and (ii), subjects were able to maintain the antiphase pattern at a higher frequency than in the pretest. Analysis of the trade-off between relative phase variability and reaction time showed that participants were able to maintain a higher level of stability at the same (intermediate and post-test) or a lower attentional cost (retention test). These findings show that phase transition dynamics and pattern stability can be significantly modified as a result of practice. Changes in the trade-off between pattern stability and cost with learning confirm that the attentional cost incurred by the central nervous system to maintain pattern stability decreased with practice. In line with recent neurobiological studies, the present study provides new insights regarding relationships between brain processes, attentional demands and coordinated behaviour in learning bimanual patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2002.02190.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical Kindling of the Hippocampus is Associated with Functional Activation of Neuropeptide Y-containing Neurons (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 5 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The release of neuropeptide Y (NPY) was measured from hippocampal slices of rats at stage 2 (preconvulsive stage) and stage 5 (full seizure expression) of electrical kindling of the dorsal hippocampus (upper blade of the dentate gyrus). Spontaneous release in naive rats (9.0 ± 0.8 fmol/ml every 10 min) was independent of external Ca2+ but was reduced by 38 ± 3.6% (P 〈 0.05) during 20 min incubation with 5μM tetrodotoxin. Spontaneous efflux in naive rats did not differ from that in shams (implanted with electrodes but not stimulated) or in rats kindled to stage 2 and stage 5. Twenty-five, 50 and 100 mM KCl induced a concentration-dependent release of NPY (P 〈 0.05 and P 〈 0.01 at 25 and 50–100 mM respectively) from slices of shams. The effect of 100 mM KCl was reduced by 94 ± 1% (P 〈 0.01) in the absence of Ca2+. Two days after the last stage 2 stimulation and 1 week after the last stage 5 seizure, NPY release was significantly larger than in shams at all KCl concentrations in the stimulated and contralateral hippocampus (P 〈 0.05 and P 〈 0.01). Forty-eight hours after one single after-discharge and 1 month after the last stage 5 seizure, 50 mM KCl induced a significantly larger release of NPY in the stimulated and contralateral hippocampus (P 〈 0.01 and P 〈 0.05), although the effect was less than during kindling. The tissue concentration of NPY increased significantly in both hippocampi at stage 2 and 1 week after stage 5 (2.6 times on average, P 〈 0.01) but no significant differences were found 1 month after stage 5. The present results provide the first evidence of enhanced neuronal release of NPY during kindling, suggesting that this neuropeptide may have a potential role in epileptogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00222.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    XRDT Study of Structural Defects of 6H-SiC Crystals (2005)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 483-485 (May 2005), p. 311-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: X-Ray Diffraction Topography (XRDT) and Optical Microscopy (OM) are adopted to study extended structural defects in 6H-SiC bulky crystals. Topographs are taken by means of White Beam Synchrotron Radiation Source (WB-SRS-XRDT) and by means of monochromatic radiation (MoKα1) with conventional source (Lang method). All studied samples are characterised by the presence of linear defects, dislocations and microchannels, uniformly distributed in the crystal. Such defects draw a net of independent systems of parallel lines, with different orientation and different contrast widths. Micro-channels are parallel to the c axis, whereas dislocations are perpendicular or nearly parallel to the c axis. The last are unit screw dislocations. It has been concluded that the growth mechanism is driven by screw dislocations and that channels results from the coalescence of parallel dislocations
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/10/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.483-485.311.pdf
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