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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Moiré deflectometry diagnostic for transient plasma, using a multipulse N2 laser (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 170-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have designed a multipulse laser system to measure nanosecond time scale, plasma-density gradients by moiré deflectometry. The complete system consists of four, transverse-excited, atmospheric pressure (TEA) N2 laser oscillators and two low-pressure N2 laser amplifiers; two oscillator pulses are injected into a single amplifier. The amplified pulses are less than 1 ns in duration, with a variable, interpulse time of 4–10 ns. As described here, two TEA oscillators and a single amplifier were used to image air-density gradients in an expanding, air-shock wave produced by a spark discharge. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146566
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnostics for exploding wires (abstract) : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 671-671 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Two diagnostics, capable of imaging fast, high temperature, plasmas were used on exploding wire experiments at UC Irvine. An atmospheric pressure nitrogen laser (λ=337.1 nm) was used to generate simultaneous shadow and shearing interferogram images with a temporal resolution of ∼1 ns and a spatial resolution of 10 μm. An x-ray backlighter imaged the exploding wire 90° with respect to the laser and at approximately the same instant in time. The backlighter spatial resolution as determined by geometry and film resolution was 25 μm. Copper wires of diameters (25, 50, and 100 μm) and steel wire d=25 μm were exploded in vacuum (10−5 Torr) at a maximum current level of 12 kA, by a rectified marx bank at a voltage of 50 kV and a current rise time (quarter period) of 900 ns. Copper wires which were cleaned and then resistively heated under vacuum to incandescence for several hours prior to high current initiation, exhibited greater expansion velocities at peak current than wires which had not been heated prior to discharge. Axial variations on the surface of the wire observed with the laser were found to correlate with bulk axial mass differences from x-ray backlighting. High electron density, measured near the opaque surface of the exploding wire, suggests that much of the current is shunted outward away from the bulk of the wire. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149363
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of gas preionization for plasma radiation sources : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 672-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Azimuthally symmetric ultraviolet (UV) preionization of the outer periphery of a gas puff z pinch, prior to current initiation, may reduce the growth of magnetically driven Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities or other nonuniformities affecting the final implosion stage of the pinch, leading to an improvement in K-shell x-ray yield. We report on measurements of a flashover UV photoionization scheme, capable of ionizing the periphery of argon gas puffs to 1%–10% of the initial gas density. Measurements are made with a two-color, (1064 and 532 nm), high sensitivity (∼10−5λ), Mach–Zehnder type interferometer. Two methods of measuring preionization are investigated. The first uses a single laser wavelength, 1064 nm, to probe a chord of the cylindrical gas puff. The gas density is measured first without preionization and then with the UV flashover discharge. The difference in phase shift determines the free electron density. The second technique uses both wavelengths to simultaneously probe the same line of sight, determining neutral and free electron densities using only one gas puff event. Gas preionization may introduce refractive species that complicate the conversion of phase shift to density. However, single-color interferometry with the IR and green beams indicates that it is sufficient to consider only two species, neural argon and free electrons for times of interest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149412
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential phase shift interferometer for measuring axisymmetric gas distributions for high-power Z-pinch research : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 687-690 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A sensitive interferometer [B. V. Weber and S. F. Fulghum, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68, 1227 (1997)] with 10−5-wave phase resolution is used to measure gas distributions from axisymmetric, supersonic nozzles employed in high power Z-pinch experiments. The line-integrated gas density, N≡∫ndx, is measured as a function of time at one distance, z, from the nozzle and one distance, y, from the axis. The (y,z) region of interest is scanned shot to shot. The N(y) data are analyzed to find radial density distributions via Abel inversion: n(r)=−(1/π)∫r∞[(dN/dy)/y2−r2]dy. Error propagation based on the uncertainty in N results in larger relative uncertainties in n, especially near the axis. The precision may be improved using a modified version of this interferometer, where the reference beam is moved into the gas, a small distance (1–2 mm) from the scene beam. The phase difference is then a direct measurement of dN/dy, reducing the error introduced by numerically differentiating N. These two techniques are compared using two nozzles with different density distributions from DECADE Module 2 Z-pinch experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149413
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