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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcriptional competition and homeosis inDrosophila (1996)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 34 (1996), S. 45-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: RNA polymerase II ; Ultrabithorax ; transcription ; α-amanitin ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Interference between different classes of RNA polymerase II alleles causes a mutant phenotype called the “Ubx effect” that resembles one seen in flies haploinsufficient for the transcription factor,Ultrabithorax (Ubx). Flies carrying the mutation in the largest subunit ofDrosophila RNA polymerase II,RpII215 4, display the Ubx effect when heterozygous as inRpII215 4/+ but not when homozygous mutant or wild type. In this report we demonstrate that the interaction between alleles in different classes of polymerase occurs even in the absence of transcription by the wild-type polymerase. We utilized the resistance to the transcriptional inhibitor α-amanitin conferred byRpII215 4 to show thatRpII215 4/+ flies raised on α-amanitin-containing food still show the Ubx effect and are indistinguishable from flies raised on normal food. We demonstrate using HPLC that the intracellular concentration of α-amanitin in the developing larvae is sufficient to inhibit transcription by α-amanitin-sensitive polymerase. Furthermore, fluorescein-labeled α-amanitin accumulates in imaginal discs, which are the precursor cells for the tissue showing the homeotic transformation in adults. We conclude that the interaction between different classes of RNA polymerase II alleles resulting in the Ubx effect occurs prior to the block in transcription caused by α-amanitin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00553982
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcriptional competition and homeosis inDrosophila (1996)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 34 (1996), S. 45-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: RNA polymerase II ; Ultrabithorax ; transcription ; α-amanitin ; Drosophila melanogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Interference between different classes of RNA polymerase II alleles causes a mutant phenotype called the “Ubx effect” that resembles one seen in flies haploinsufficient for the transcription factor,Ultrabithorax (Ubx). Flies carrying the mutation in the largest subunit ofDrosophila RNA polymerase II,RpII215 4, display the Ubx effect when heterozygous as inRpII215 4/+ but not when homozygous mutant or wild type. In this report we demonstrate that the interaction between alleles in different classes of polymerase occurs even in the absence of transcription by the wild-type polymerase. We utilized the resistance to the transcriptional inhibitor α-amanitin conferred byRpII215 4 to show thatRpII215 4/+ flies raised on α-amanitin-containing food still show the Ubx effect and are indistinguishable from flies raised on normal food. We demonstrate using HPLC that the intracellular concentration of α-amanitin in the developing larvae is sufficient to inhibit transcription by α-amanitin-sensitive polymerase. Furthermore, fluorescein-labeled α-amanitin accumulates in imaginal discs, which are the precursor cells for the tissue showing the homeotic transformation in adults. We conclude that the interaction between different classes of RNA polymerase II alleles resulting in the Ubx effect occurs prior to the block in transcription caused by α-amanitin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02396239
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental genetics of a temperature-sensitive RNA polymerase II mutation in Drosophila melanogaster (1982)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 187 (1982), S. 120-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Purified RNA polymerase II (RNA nucleotidyl-transferase; EC 2.7.7.6) extracted from flies possessing lesions in the Ultrabithorax-like (Ubl) locus of Drosophila melanogaster has altered activity in vitro (Greenleaf et al. 1979, 1980; Coulter and Greenleaf 1982). This strongly suggests that the Ubl locus encodes a subunit of RNA polymerase II. Ethyl methanesulfonate was used to induce a temperature-sensitive mutation in this locus. Flies either homozygous or hemizygous for this new X−linked mutation (Ubl ts) display viability comparable to that of wild-type flies at 22° C but are lethal at 29° C. The temperature-sensitive period for Ubl ts flies is between gastrulation (6 h, 29° C) and pupation (9–10 days, 22° C). Zygotes shifted from 22° C to 29° C die at either the late embryonic or first larval instar stage while temperature shifts of second and third instar larvae result in the lethal phase occurring at the pupal stage. Most pupae shifted from 22° C to 29° C undergo metamorphosis and eclose as adults. Adults are viable if placed at 29° C; however, all females and some males become sterile if maintained at this temperature. Somatic recombination was used to induce clones homozygous for a null allele of Ubl at different stages of development. Clones of this null allele appear to be cell lethal indicating that the Ubl + gene product is required at all stages of development. The viability of Ubl ts pupae and adults at 29° C may result from only a partial reduction in activity caused by the mutation at this nonpermissive temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00384394
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clonal analysis of two mutations in the large subunit of RNA polymerase II of Drosophila (1985)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 199 (1985), S. 421-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Two mutations in the gene, RpII215, were analyzed to determine their effects on cell differentiation and proliferation. The mutations differ in that one, RpII215 ts(ts), only displays a conditional recessive lethality, while the other, RpII215 Ubl (Ubl), is a recessive lethal mutation that also displays a dominant mutant phenotype similar to that caused by the mutation Ultrabithorax (Ubx). Ubl causes a partial transformation of the haltere into a wing; however, this transformation is more complete in flies carrying both Ubl and Ubx. The present study shows that patches of Ubl/- tissue in gynandromorphs are morphologically normal. Cuticle that has lost the wild-type copy of the RpII215 locus fails to show a haltere to wing transformation, nor does it show the synergistic enhancement of Ubx by Ubl. We conclude that an interaction between the two RpII215 alleles, Ubl and RpII215 +, is responsible for the mutant phenotype. Gynandromorphs carrying the ts allele, when raised at permissive temperature, display larger patches of ts/- cuticle than expected, possibly indicating that the proliferation of ts/+ cells is reduced. This might result from an antagonistic interaction between different RpII215 alleles. Classical negative complementation does not appear to be the cause of the antagonistic interaction described above, as only one RpII215 subunit is thought to be present in an active multimeric polymerase enzyme. We have therefore coined the term ‘negative heterosis’ to describe the aforementioned interactions. We also observed that the effects of mutationally altered RNA polymerase II on somatic cells are different from its effects on germ cells. Mutant somatic cells (either Ubl/- or ts/-, the latter shifted to restrictive temperature) reduce cell proliferation, but otherwise do not appear to disrupt cell differentiation. However, mutant germ cells often differentiate into morphologically abnormal oocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330753
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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