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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of macrophage blockade on the resistance of inbred mice toParacoccidioides brasiliensis infection (1995)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 130 (1995), S. 131-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: DTH reactions ; Macrophage blockade ; Paracoccidioidomycosis ; Pathogenicity ; Specific antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of macrophage blockade on the natural resistance and on the adaptative immune response of susceptible (B10.D2/oSn) and resistant (A/Sn) mice toParacoccidioides brasiliensis infection was investigated. B10.D2/oSn and A/Sn mice previously injected with colloidal carbon were infected ip with yeast cells to determine the 50% lethal dose, and to evaluate the anatomy and histopathology, macrophage activation, antibody production and DTH reactions. Macrophage blockade rendered both resistant and susceptible mice considerably more susceptible to infection, as evidenced by increased mortality and many disseminated lesions.P. brasiliensis infection and/or carbon treatment increased the ability of macrophages from resistant mice to spread up to 25 days after treatment. In susceptible mice the enhanced spreading capacity induced by carbon treatment was impaired at all assayed periods except at 1 week after infection. Macrophage blockade enhanced DTH reactions in resistant mice, but did not alter these reactions in susceptible mice, which remained anergic. To the contrary, macrophage blockade enhanced specific antibody production by susceptible mice, but did not affect the low levels produced by resistant mice. The effect of macrophage blockade confirms the natural tendency of resistant animals to mount DTH reactions in the course of the disease and the preferential antibody response developed by susceptible mice afterP. brasiliensis infection. On the whole, macrophage functions appear to play a fundamental role in the natural and acquired resistance mechanisms toP. brasiliensis infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01103095
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of pulmonary experimental paracoccidioidomycosis by analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage cells: Resistant vs. susceptible mice (1998)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 141 (1998), S. 79-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: bronchoalveolar lavage ; paracoccidioidomycosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Adult Swiss (susceptible) and BALB/c (non-susceptible) mice were inoculated by the intravenous route with 1 × 106 yeast cells of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, strain 18. Immunologic parameters, histopathology and features of the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were evaluated at week 2, 4, 8 and 16 post-infection. The pulmonary infection was progressive in Swiss mice and regressive in BALB/c mice. The numbers of total cells, lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils increased in BAL, as well as the percentages of giant cells, and CD4 and CD8 positive cells. The ultrastructural study of BAL cells revealed a predominance of macrophages and a frequency of 13.2% of type II pneumocytes. As the infection progressed, the number of fungal cells and spreading macrophages, as well as the stimulated release of H2O2 by macrophages, increased. The animals exhibited an exacerbation of the humoral immune response and a depression of cellular immunity during the infection. There was a good correlation between the intensity and the pattern of the pulmonary histopathology and the cellular findings in the BAL. The present model reproduces some anatomoclinical patterns of the human disease and shows that BAL may be a useful tool in monitoring the pulmonary infection caused by P. brasiliensis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006987205848
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Delayed-type hypersensitivity response in an isogenic murine model of paracoccidioidomycosis (1994)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 126 (1994), S. 137-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Cellular immune response ; Delayed-type hypersensitivity ; Isogenic murine model ; P. brasiliensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response was evaluated in resistant (A/SN) and susceptible (B10.A) mice intraperitoneally infected with yeasts from a virulent (Pb18) or from a non-virulent (Pb265)Paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates. Both strains of mice were footpad challenged with homologous antigens. Pb18 infected A/SN mice developed an evident and persistent DTH response late in the course of the disease (90th day on) whereas B10.A animals mounted a discrete and ephemeral DTH response at the 14th day post-infection. A/SN mice infected with Pb265 developed cellular immune responses whereas B10.A mice were almost always anergic. Histological analysis of the footpads of infected mice at 48 hours after challenge showed a mixed infiltrate consisting of predominantly mononuclear cells. Previous infection of resistant and susceptible mice with Pb18 did not alter their DTH responses against heterologous unrelated antigens (sheep red blood cells and dinitrofluorobenzene) indicating that the observed cellular anergy was antigen-specific. When fungal related antigens (candidin and histoplasmin) were tested in resistant mice, absence of cross-reactivity was noted. Thus, specific DTH responses againstP. brasiliensis depend on both the host's genetically determined resistance and the virulence of the fungal isolate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01103767
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical characterization of mononuclear cells in delayed hypersensitivity reactions toParacoccidiodes brasiliensis (paracoccidioidin test) (1993)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 124 (1993), S. 7-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Delayed hypersensitivity reactions ; Immunohistochemistry ; Paracoccidioidomycosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The density and distribution of T cells, T helper cells, macrophages and B cells at the site of skin tests with a cytoplasmicParacoccidioides brasiliensis antigen (paracoccidioidin) was studied at 24 and 48 h post-challenge in 10 patients with the chronic form of paracoccidioidomycosis and in 5 non-infected individuals. The in situ study was carried out using immunoperoxidase techniques and monoclonal antibodies. The controls showed negative skin test. In the patients, the great majority of the cells in the perivascular foci were T cells (CD43-positive cells) making up 47% and 48.6% of the total number of cells at 24 and 48 h respectively. Most of the T cells showed a T helper phenotype (CD45RO-positive cells). Approximately 25% of the cells were macrophages (CD68-positive cells) and there were very few B lymphocytes (CD20-positive cells). The present data on the microanatomy of paracoccidioidin skin test sites were consistent with a delayed type hypersensitivity pattern. Our results were comparable to those reported on skin tests for other granulomatous chronic diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01103050
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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