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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antiviral combination therapy for lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B reinfection after liver transplantation (2000)
    Springer
    Transplant international 13 (2000), S. S359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Hepatitis B ; Liver transplantation ; Lamivudine ; Interferon ; Resistance ; Combination therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Development of resistance is a major issue in antiviral treatment of hepatitis B reinfection after liver transplantation. Antiviral combination therapy is discussed for therapy or prevention of this breakthrough of viral replication. Eight patients were enrolled into this retrospective analysis after liver transplantation for chronic hepatitis B infection. All had reinfection of the graft and breakthrough of HBV during consecutive famciclovir and lamivudine monotherapy. Subsequently a combination therapy with lamivudine and interferon-α 2 a (group I, n = 4) or lamivudine and famciclovir (group II, n = 4) was initiated. Combination therapy was started 61 months (group I) and 25 months (group II) after liver transplantation. It markedly reduced the viral replication rate in all patients despite lamivudine resistance. In group I three of four patients and in group II two of four patients became HBV-DNA negative. Two long-term responders were observed in group I, and none in group II. No patient became HBsAg negative or lost HbeAg. Pretreatment elevated ALT and AST levels were significantly reduced. No severe complications, and especially no rejection episodes, occurred. Lamivudine in combination with other antiviral agents, especially interferon-α, might be a therapeutic option for hepatitis B reinfection after liver transplantation. Suppression of virus replication to the point of undetectable values is possible even in patients with lamivudine-resistant virus mutations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001470050361
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lebertransplantation (1998)
    Springer
    Der Internist 39 (1998), S. 1237-1245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1289
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Lebertransplantation ; Leberversagen ; Lebertransplantation ; Hepatitis ; Therapie ; Leberzirrhose ; Therapie ; Transplantation ; Leber
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zum Thema Die ultima ratio der Lebertherapie, die Lebertransplantation, hat hierzulande und in aller Welt eine zunehmende Bedeutung gewonnen. Die Prognose der Lebertransplantation ist auch langfristig sehr günstig und hat sich aufgrund vieler Voraussetzungen in den letzten Jahren immer weiter verbessert. Nur die mangelnde Bereitschaft zur Organspende limitiert die Anzahl weiterer wünschenswerter Transplantationen, worauf – wieder einmal – hingewiesen sei. Da hauptsächlich über Indikation und Prognose informierte Ärzte am überzeugendsten in ihrem Umfeld auf einen Wandel zugunsten einer positiven Einstellung zur Organtransplantation bewirken können, sei diese Übersicht auch den nicht auf die Behandlung von Lebererkrankungen spezialisierten Kolleginnen und Kollegen empfohlen. Im Mittelpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit stehen die Indikationen zur Lebertransplantation und deren Prognose. Da sich diese mit der Progredienz des Leidens im Hinblick auf das Transplantationsergebnis verschlechert, sollte bei bestehender Indikation die Lebertransplantation möglichst bald durchgeführt werden. Große Fortschritte wurden auch mit der möglichst individuellen Immunsuppression und antiviralen Therapie erzielt. Die Ergebnisse in der Entwicklung therapeutischer Systeme, die z.B. im Falle eines aktuen Leberversagens bis zur Bereitstellung eines Spenderorgans vorübergehend die Leberfunktion überbrücken helfen, sind ermutigend. Auch darüber wird referiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001080050296
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liver transplantation for alcoholic cirrhosis (2000)
    Springer
    Transplant international 13 (2000), S. S127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Liver transplantation ; Alcoholic cirrhosis ; Alcohol relapse ; Outcome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Because of the donor shortage, there are concerns for liver transplantation in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. We therefore analyzed patients transplanted for alcoholic cirrhosis at our center with respect to patient and graft survival, recurrence of disease, and postoperative complications. Out of 1000 liver transplantations performed in 911 patients, 167 patients were transplanted for alcoholic cirrhosis; 91 patients received CsA- and 76 patients FK506-based immunosuppression. Recurrence was diagnosed by patient's or relative's declaration, blood alcohol determination, and delirium. Diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic rejection was performed as previously described. One- (96.8 % versus 91.3 %) and 9-year patient survival (83.3 % versus 80 %) compared well with other indications. Five of 15 patients died due to disease recurrence. Recurrence of disease was significantly related to the duration of alcohol abstinence prior to transplantation. In patients who were abstinent for less than 6 months (17.1 %), recurrence rate was 65 %, including four of the five patients who died of recurrence. Recurrence rate decreased to 11.8 %, when abstinence time was 6–12 months and to 5.5 %, when the abstinence times was 〉 2 years. Next to duration of abstinence, alcohol relapse was significantly related to sex, social environment, and psychological stability. The incidence of acute rejection compared well with other indications (38.1 %); CsA: 40.1 % versus 33.3 % in FK506 patients. In all, 18.2 % of CsA patients experienced steroid-resistant rejection compared with 2.6 % of FK506 patients. Seven patients (7.6 %) in the CsA group and one patient (1.3 %) in the FK506 group developed chronic rejection. A total of 57.1 % developed infections; 5.7 % were life-threatening. CMV infections were observed in 14.3 % (versus 25 % for other indications). New onset of insulin-dependent diabetes was observed in 8.6 % and hypertension in 32.4 %. In conclusion, alcoholic cirrhosis is a good indication for liver transplantation with respect to graft and patient survival and development of postoperative complications. FK506 therapy was favourable to CsA treatment. Patient selection is a major issue and established criteria should be strictly adhered to. Patients with alcohol abstinence times shorter than 6 months should be excluded, since recurrence and death due to recurrence was markedly increased in this group of patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001470050297
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Perioperative factors influencing patient outcome after liver transplantation (2000)
    Springer
    Transplant international 13 (2000), S. S158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Liver transplantation ; Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ; Patient outcome ; Donor recipient status
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have previously shown that the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) after liver transplantation significantly reduced patient survival. Therefore, the question arises of which are the most prominent perioperative donor and recipient factors leading to MODS after transplantation. In total, 634 patients with 700 liver transplants were analyzed. Donor factors included age, increase in transaminases, sex mismatch, requirement for catecholamines, intensive care time, histology, and macroscopic graft appearence. Recipient factors included Child classification, preoperative gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, mechanical ventilation, hemodialysis, and requirement for catecholamines. MODS was defined by more than two severe organ dysfunctions. The cumulative 2 to 9-year patient survival was 90.9 % in patients developing less than 3 severe organ dysfunctions following transplantation. Survival decreased to 60.3 % in patients with MODS. Neither any of the donor factors nor the duration of cold ischemia (CIT) was associated with an increase in MODS or decrease in survival. On the other hand, duration of warm ischemia, amount of blood loss, requirement for red packed blood cells, and reoperation had an influence on the development of MODS (40 %–56 %) and decreased patient survival to 58 %–69 %. Preoperative therapy with catecholamines, GI bleeding, mechanical ventilation, and hemodialysis were associated with the development of MODS in 54 %–88 %. Patient survival following MODS decreased to 50 %–74 %. Initial graft function had a slight influence on the development of MODS, but no influence on the long-term patient survival. In conclusion, patient survival was significantly influenced by the development of postoperative MODS. The most prominent factors in this were recipient and intraoperative ones. No major influence was observed for donor factors, CIT, and initial graft function. Prevention of MODS will further improve the outcome after liver transplantation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001470050311
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Searching for the optimal management of hepatitis C patients after liver transplantation (1998)
    Springer
    Transplant international 11 (1998), S. S209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Liver transplantation ; Hepatitis C
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The optimal immunosuppressive regimen in patients transplanted for hepatitis C (HCV) is still under discussion. High immunosuppression may promote viral replication and recurrent graft hepatitis. But acute and chronic rejection frequently seen in conjunction with HCV recurrence may require some rescue therapy. One hundred and thirty-seven patients transplanted for HCV cirrhosis, who were HCV-RNA positive prior to transplantation, were analyzed. Seventy-nine patients received CSA-based immunosuppression and 58 patients FK506-based immunosuppression. One-month patient survival was 100 % in both groups. Three month and 1-year survival rates and the cumulative 1–5-year patient survival was similar in CsA-treated [67/79 (84.8 %)] and FK506-treated patients [50/58 (86.2 %)]. Retransplantations for HCV recurrence were performed in 5.1 % of CsA-treated patients and 6.9 % of FK506-treated patients; it was successful in 50 % and 75 % of patients, respectively. Conversion from CsA to FK506 and vice versa was high with 25 out of 79 patients (31.6 %) converting in the CsA group and 8 out of 58 patients (13.8 %) converting in the FK506 group. Conversion to FK506 was performed due to acute and chronic rejection and to CsA because of toxicity and HCV recurrence. In both groups, 25 % of converted patients died. Five patients of the CsA group and 9 of the FK506 group received OKT3; more than one-third of each group died. Five patients in the CsA group and 6 in the FK506 group received mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for HCV recurrence or acute and chronic rejection in conjunction with HCV recurrence. All patients of this critical group are alive with good graft function. In conclusion, survival rates of HCV patients were similar to those seen for other indications. Conversion from CsA to FK506 and vice versa was high and reflects a critical group concerning patient survival. OKT3 treatment should be avoided. A promising therapeutic option for critical patients experiencing acute or chronic rejection in conjunction with HCV recurrence may be treatment with MMF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001470050463
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes at the extracellular matrix during acute and chronic rejection in human liver transplantation (1998)
    Springer
    Transplant international 11 (1998), S. S377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Extracellular matrix ; Liver transplantation ; Acute rejection ; Early chronic rejection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have previously observed changes at the extracellular matrix (ECM) which significantly correlated with the extent of preservation and reperfusion injury. In the present study, we attempted to investigate whether the ECM may be also involved in the pathophysiological sequelae of acute and chronic rejection. Of 81 patients monitored for the ECM parameters laminin, hyaluronic acid, fibronectin receptor, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β , 28 patients developed acute rejection (〈 1 month), in 14 patients (17.4 %) acute rejection was steroid resistant, 4 patients (4.5 %) developed early chronic rejection following acute steroid-resistant rejection. Acute and chronic rejection were confirmed by established clinical and histological criteria. Laminin levels were significantly increased in patients experiencing acute steroid-resistant rejection (4204 ± 133 ng/ml; P K 0.01) compared with patients with steroid-sensitive rejection (1059 ± 27.3 ng/ml) and with an uneventful postoperative course (1214 ± 17.4 ng/ml). No increase in laminin was observed in those four patients who developed early chronic rejection (1099 ± 58.7 ng/ml). Hyaluronic acid, fibronectin receptor, and TGF-β levels also increased in patients with acute steroid-resistant rejection; hyaluronic acid: 290 ± 10.8 μg/l vs 154 ± 13.6 μg/l and 131 ± 11.7 μg/l in patients with steroid-sensitive and no rejection, respectively; fibronectin receptor: 1003 ± 23.5 ng/ml vs 573 ± 24.8 ng/ml and 428 ± 13.6 ng/ml in patients with steroid-sensitive and no rejection, respectively; and TGF-β : 393 ± 14.9 pg/ml versus 315 ± 10.7 pg/ml and 233 ± 8.9 pg/ml in patients with steroid-sensitive and no rejection, respectively. A further increase in hyaluronic acid levels was observed in patients who developed early chronic rejection, while fibronectin receptor and TGF-β levels remained low, similarly to laminin levels. The increase in laminin, hyaluronic acid, fibronectin receptor, and TGF-β during acute steroid-resistant rejection may be stimulated by the rejection-related release of cytokines and adhesion molecules which paralleled the increase in ECM parameters. The lack of increase in laminin and fibronectin receptor levels in those patients who developed early chronic rejection may reflect an inability to recover from acute rejection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001470050502
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