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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 2 (1989), S. 18-26 
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Ornamentals ; Self-incompatibility ; Zinnia angustifolia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Visible light and UV epifluorescence microscopy were used to assess self-incompatibility (SI) in Zinnia angustifolia clones. Pistils were fixed 24 h after pollination and stained either with aniline blue in lactophenol (visible light microscopy) or decolorized aniline blue (fluorescence microscopy). Percentage of florets with embryos 21 days following pollination (% embryo set) was used as a control. Embryo set following self- or incompatible cross-pollinations ranged from 0% to 9.9%, whereas compatible crosses yielded 55.5%–87.1% embryo set. Observations using visible light microscopy indicated pollen load and number of germinated grains were significantly higher for compatible compared to incompatible crosses, and both variables were positively correlated (r = 0.89–0.96) to % embryo set. Examinations with UV epifluorescence microscopy revealed pollen load was higher and little or no callose accumulated in stigmatic papillae following compatible crosses, whereas for incompatible crosses, pollen load was low and callose lenticules were deposited in stigmatic papillae; the correlation between pollen load and % embryo set was 0.89. The intensity of callose fluorescence of the pollen tube-papillae attachment sites was quantitatively measured via micro spectrofluorometry. Callose fluorescence intensity ranged from 47.9% to 62.6% for incompatible and from 6.4% to 9.9% for compatible crosses, and was negatively correlated (r= — 0.95) with % embryo set. Microscopal techniques permit rapid assessment of SI and may be used routinely when each observed or measured parameter is highly correlated to the incompatibility response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 5 (1992), S. 86-88 
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Sex chromosome markers ; Y-chromosome ; Angiosperms ; Silene latifolia ; Melandrium album
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In order to obtain markers for the Y chromosome ofSilene latifolia, we pooled equal weights of leaf tissue from 18 female siblings into one sample and repeated the process with 18 male siblings. Pooling was intended to provide a common genetic background for each sample, leaving the absence or presence of the Y chromosome as the primary difference between the two samples. DNA was extracted from each sample and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with arbitrary 10 bp primers. Four of 60 primers used gave an amplification with the male DNA not found among those from the female DNA. Each of these was subsequently shown to provide a reliable marker for the Y chromosome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 9 (1996), S. 353-356 
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Key words Pollen selection ; Pollen selection models ; Pollen/style interactions ; Pollen/pollen interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A series of studies, recently reviewed, has established that approximately 60% of the structural genes which are expressed in the sporophytic portion of the angiosperm life cycle are also expressed and exposed to selection in the pollen. Given the haploidy and large population sizes of pollen grains, a substantial portion of the sporophytic genome could thus be periodically exposed to a bacterial type of mass screening. This extraordinary possibility is often subject to some skepticism which may, of course, be justified. However, recent attempts to apply models appear to be inappropriate in this context, in part because these attempts overlook an important source of genetic variation, and also because they assume fixed values for selection and fitness. More recently, studies of pollen/pollen interactions have suggested that what Linskens termed the ”programic phase” may represent an arena for important, and largely unexplored phenomena, some of which are discussed here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 1 (1988), S. 32-35 
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Self-incompatibility ; Classical model ; Heterosis model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An alternative to the classical model of self-incompatibility indicates that genetic control of self-incompatibility could involve more than one locus and function through passive failure of incompatible pollen tubes rather than through their active inhibition. Both aspects of the alternative model have been tested and, in each case, the data support the classical single-locus oppositional interpretation rather than the alternative. On the basis of these data, and others now available, we conclude that, in the Solanaceae, and presumably also in some others, self-incompatibility is better explained by the classical interpretation. Several points, however, remain to be resolved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 4 (1991), S. 203-207 
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Silene latifolia ; Pollen size ; Progeny sex ratios ; Dioecy ; Pollen competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Experiments and observations conducted during the past 90 years have provided conflicting evidence concerning the existence of a size difference between pollen grains containing an X chromosome (female-determining) and those containing a Y chromosome (maledetermining) in dioecious Silene latifolia. Were such a size difference to exist, this might explain, at least in part, the observation that X-bearing pollen tubes reach the ovary more quickly, on average, than Y-bearing pollen tubes. We tested for such a size difference by separating pollen collected from single anthers into three size classes: small, large, and random. Fruit set (number of pollinated flowers that set fruit) and seed set (number of seeds per capsule) did not differ for these three pollination treatments. Progeny sex ratios resulting from these three pollen size classes also did not differ significantly. Thus, pollen grain size is not affected by which of the two sex chromosomes is present. Our experiment is the first direct test of this relationship. Based on our results, size differences should not be invoked to explain competitive differences in male- and female-determining microgametophytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 8 (1995), S. 123-128 
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Anther ; Pistil ; Plant reproduction ; Pollen Transmitting tissue ; Ubiquitin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ubiquitin-conjugated compounds were localized in anthers and pistils of Nicotiana alata by immuno-cytochemistry. In young anthers, antibodies to ubiquitin bound to callose cell walls surrounding pollen mother cells and to organelles in the endothecium. At the freespore stage, antibodies bound to circular-cell cluster cells subtending the stomium and to organelles and cell walls of endothecial cells. Near anther dehiscence, locular material was labeled. In pistils, cell walls of stylar transmitting tissue were labeled in a beaded pattern. Antibodies bound to a thin layer surrounding ovules, to the lining of embryo sacs, to cytoplasm of eggs and synergids, and to starch grains in central cells. Sites of localization were tissue- and time-specific, suggesting a regulatory role for ubiquitin in development of reproductive structures in flowering plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Pollen ; Gene expression ; Metal tolerance ; Silene ; Mimulus guttatus ; Copper ; Zinc
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this paper was to determine if heavy metal tolerance was expressed in pollen and if its expression was correlated with the tolerance of the pollen source. Clones of Silene dioica, tolerant to zinc, closely related but nontolerant S. alba and clones of Mimulus guttatus tolerant and sensitive to copper were grown in the greenhouse in either standard potting soil or nutrient culture. Pollen was collected shortly after dehiscence, hydrated, and tested over a broad range of metal concentrations. The tolerance of the pollen source was determined by comparing root growth in solutions with and without heavy metals. In both Silene species and M. guttatus, the tolerance of the parental clone was expressed in its pollen. Pollen from tolerant individuals was able to germinate and grow at concentrations of metals which markedly inhibited pollen from nontolerants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Pollen selection ; Linolenic acid ; Linoleic acid ; Oilseed breeding ; Lipid biosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Lipids were extracted from the diploid seed and haploid pollen of Brassica napus L. Two fractions of pollen lipids, namely the diploid-specified pollen-coat and the haploid-specified internal cytoplasmic lipids were obtained. Significant correlations exist between pollen and seed generations for linoleic (18∶2) and linolenic (18∶3) acids. In pollen internal storage lipids, the level of 18∶3 is positively correlated and the level of 18∶2 is negatively correlated with the level of 18∶3 in seed lipids. Evidence is presented that strongly supports the hypothesis that lipid biosynthesis occurs within the pollen and that synthesis is specified by haploid genes. These data support the concept of pollen selection, so that selecting among living pollen grains for superior individuals has potential as a new plant breeding tool for improving seed oil quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 936-940 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Maize ; Zea mays L ; Pollen competitive ability ; Pollen germinability Pollen-tube growth ; Pollen-pistil interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Various factors (pollen diameter, in vitro germination and tube length, in vivo growth rate in selfed and nonselfed styles) which could possibly contribute to the competitive ability of pollen were investigated on 30 Zea mays L. inbred lines. The only factor with which pollen diameter was positively correlated was in vitro pollen-tube growth. Traits related to the early stages of growth (in vitro germination, in vitro tube length, early in vivo pollen growth rate) were all positively correlated with each other, and these early characteristics were negatively correlated with late in vivo tube growth rate, which is largely influenced by the stylar genotype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words O. villaricae  ;  O. picensis ssp. picensis  ; Renner Complexes  ;  RAPDs  ;  Pollen dimorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  In both Oenothera villaricae Dietrich and O. picensis ssp. picensis, chromosomes are transmitted as two Renner complexes. Reciprocal combinations of the Renner complexes produce eight different F1 hybrids, but only seven are viable. Each species, and each F1 hybrid, produces three sizes of pollen, approximately 50% small sterile grains, 15% medium-sized viable grains and 35% large viable grains. Medium- and large-sized grains were separated manually and subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) analysis. A pattern of RAPD amplifications was obtained which indicates that, for each species and F1 hybrid, one specific Renner complex characterizes the medium- and another the large-sized viable pollen. The results indicate that pollen size is determined in part by the pollen genotype and in part by the genotype of the other pollen grains developing within the same anther.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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