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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single cell responses to pheromones, host and non-host volatiles in the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum (1989)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 52 (1989), S. 141-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Pheromones ; host volatiles ; Trypodendron lineatum ; olfactory receptor ; bark beetles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Un grand nombre de cellules des récepteurs olfactifs de T. lineatum sont spécialisées pour la phéromone (+)-linéatine. Il n'y a aucune sensibilité aux phéromones de Ips et de Dendroctonus. Ceci montre que T. lineatum ne bénéficie pas de la découverte effectuée par d'autres espèces lors de la colonisation d'un hôte. Ces expériences confirment les observations dans la nature sur l'importance de l'α-pinène et de l'éthanol comme signaux significatifs pour T. lineatum. Cependant, en ce qui concerne l'α-pinène, on ne peut exclure que d'autres substances puissent être l'odeur clé. Les résultats obtenus en combinant la séparation en chromatographie en phase gazeuse (GC) et les enregistrements électrophysiologiques de récepteurs cellulaires unitaires, suggèrent que les cellules sensibles aux odeurs de l'hôte répondent à une substance ou à un nombre limité de substances et que les substances secondaires (mineures) sont plutôt importantes. Les réponses sélectives de quelques cellules aux substances volatiles de plantes non-hôtes suggèrent que de tels signaux peuvent jouer un rôle répulsif ou inhibiteur lors de la recherche de l'hôte par l'insecte.
    Notes: Abstract In the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum (Oliver) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) a large number of olfactory receptor cells were identified keyed to the pheromone (+)-lineatin. No cell responding to pheromones adhering to other bark beetle genera was found. This indicates that T. lineatum do not benefit from recognizing other bark beetle species when colonizing a host. The results support previous field results that α-pinene and ethanol are signals of significance for T. lineatum. However, concerning α-pinene it should not be excluded that an other component might instead be the key odour. Results obtained by the combined gas chromatographical (GC) separation with electrophysiological single cell recordings, suggested that host odour cells respond to one or a few compounds and that minor constituents are rather important. Selective responses of a few cells to non-host volatiles further suggest that such signals may play a role as repellents or inhibitors when the beetles search for a host.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00163248
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The significance of major pheromone components and interspecific signals as expressed by receptor neurons in the oriental tobacco budworm moth, Helicoverpa assulta (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 177 (1995), S. 683-694 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Helicoverpa assulta ; Olfaction ; Receptor neurons ; Pheromones ; Interspecific signals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Receptor neuron specificities for intra- and interspecific chemical signals were determined in males of Helicoverpa assulta, by testing single neurons for twelve heliothine produced compounds and two chemical analogues. Three types of receptor neurons were identified in the male specific sensilla trichodea type 1. 1. One large group of neurons (29 out of 63) was tuned to the major pheromone component (Z)-9-hexadecenal, in contrast to results obtained previously in a related species, where the information from this compound seems to be mediated via neurons tuned to (Z)-9-tetradecenal. 2. Another group of neurons (28/63) was tuned to (Z)-9-tetradecenal which is not produced by the conspecific females. These neurons and those tuned to the major pheromone component, always appearing together, are probably located in the same sensillum. Their large number suggests that (Z)-9-tetradecenal mediates an important message in this species, probably causing interspecific interruption. 3. The third group of neurons (6/63) was tuned to the second principal pheromone component (Z)-11-hexadecenal. These neurons showed similar specificities as the corresponding type of neurons in related species, indicating a conservation of their membrane receptors through evolution. In contrast, the (Z)-9-tetradecenal receptor neurons in H. assulta showed a different specificity than their counterparts in the related species, suggesting that their receptor proteins have evolved differently.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187627
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (Z)-9-tetradecenal: a potent inhibitor of pheromone-mediated communication in the oriental tobacco budworm moth, Helicoverpa assulta (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 177 (1995), S. 695-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Helicoverpa assulta ; Sex pheromone ; Inhibitor ; Interspecific interruption ; Field experiments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The behavioural significance of (Z)-9-tetradecenal to male H. assulta was tested by comparing the number of moths attracted to lures containing a standard synthetic female sex pheromone with lures in which (Z)-9-tetradecenal was also added. The standard pheromone mixture used contained 1000 μg (Z)-9-hexadecenal, 50 μg (Z)-11-hexadecenal, 300 μg (Z)-9-hexadecenyl acetate and 15 μg (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate impregnated on rubber septa. Addition of (Z)-9-tetradecenal to the standard pheromone was shown to significantly reduce the caught of male H. assulta when added in amounts greater than 10 μg or 1% of the major pheromone component in both field and net-house experiments. The reduction in catch was found to be dependent on the quantity of (Z)-9-tetradecenal added to the standard pheromone. The implications of these results on conspecific and inter-specific pheromone-mediated communication in H. assulta and related sympatric heliothine species is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187628
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Encoding of plant odours by receptor neurons in the pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) studied by linked gas chromatography-electrophysiology (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 179 (1996), S. 331-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Hylobius abietis ; Olfaction ; Plant odours ; Receptor neuron responses ; Gas chromatography ; Electrophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Receptor neuron responses to plant volatiles, trapped by head-space procedures, were examined in the pine weevil Hylobius abietis, using gas chromatography linked with electrophysiological recordings from single neurons. Seventy-two receptor neurons were tested 173 times for various plant volatile mixtures, either via a polar or a non-polar column. 1) All responses appeared as increased firing rates which followed the concentration profiles of the GC-eluted compounds. 2) The neurons were classified separately for the two column types in 17 and 19 groups respectively, according to the compounds they responded to. It suggests that the plant odour information is encoded by a large, but limited number of receptor neuron types. 3) Most neurons responded to a limited number of compounds (1–5) and showed a marked best response to one of them, whereas additional responses to several other components which seems to be structurally similar, was recorded for some neurons. It suggests that the plant odour receptor neurons are rather narrowly than broadly tuned, and that each neuron is specialized for receiving information about one or a few related compounds. 4) Most neurons responded to monoterpenes, whereas the other neurons responded to compounds of other categories. 5) Both major and minor plant volatile components activated specifically receptor neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194987
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical communication in heliothine moths (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 177 (1995), S. 527-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Single receptor cell recordings from the sensilla trichodea type 1 of the Heliothis virescens male antennae have revealed: 1) Three distinct types of receptor neurons, two previously identified types tuned to the principal pheromone components, (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:AL) (79% of neurons recorded) and (Z)-9-tetradecenal (Z9-14: AL) (12%), and a third type (9%) that is tuned to (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16: AC). The acetate suppresses male attraction to conspecific females. 2) The Z11-16:AL receptor neurons respond with about equal frequency to the formate analogue, (Z)-9-tetradecenyl formate (Z9-14:FO) at comparable concentrations. The Z9-14:AL receptor neurons, however, show only weak responses to the corresponding formate (Z)-7-dodecenyl formate (Z7-12:FO). These results correlate well with results from field studies, showing that Z9-14:FO can substitute behaviourally for Z11-16:AL, whereas Z7-12:FO cannot substitute for Z9-14:AL. 3) The Z11-16:AC receptor neurons also respond to Z7-12:FO at higher concentrations. Therefore, Z7-12:FO would not be able to simulate the effect of Z9-14:AL, even at high concentration, because Z7-12:FO would mediate suppression of pheromone attraction through the Z11-16:AC neurons. 4) A difference in the interaction between the pheromone aldehydes and their membrane receptors is shown by the different effects of the two formate analogues. Furthermore, shortening and lengthening of the two moieties of the Z11-16:AL chain does not reduce the stimulatory effect to the same extent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207182
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical communication in heliothine moths (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 177 (1995), S. 545-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Interneuron ; Odor coding ; Olfaction ; Pheromone ; Tobacco budworm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The chemical and temporal features of the sex-pheromone emitted by Heliothis virescens females are encoded by a diverse array of output pathways from the male-specific macroglomerular complex (MGC) in the antennal lobe. Most output neurons (29 out of 32) were activated by antennal stimulation with the principal component of the sex-pheromone blend of this species, (Z)-11-hexadecenal. Six neurons were excited solely by this component, 8 neurons also responded to the second essential blend component, (Z)-9-tetradecenal, and 14 neurons displayed equivalent responses to the two. Many neurons also effectively encoded the onset and duration of the stimulus. In one additional neuron, a prolonged excitatory response (synergism) was evoked only by the blend of the two components, indicating that some MGC neurons function as ‘blend detectors’. In contrast to the situation in Helicoverpa zea, none of the MGC neurons in H. virescens responded selectively to (Z)-9-tetradecenal, suggesting that these two noctuid species employ different neural strategies to encode information about their respective pheromone blends. Three MGC-output neurons responded selectively to (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, an odorant released by some sympatric species that disrupts normal upwind flight to pheromones. Thus, changes in the attractant and deterrent chemical signals, as well as the physical features of these odor plumes, are encoded in the MGC across a diverse parallel array of output pathways to the protocerebrum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207184
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The macroglomerular complex of the antennal lobe in the tobacco budworm moth Heliothis virescens : specified subdivision in four compartments according to information about biologically significant compounds (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 183 (1998), S. 669-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key wordsHeliothis virescens ; Receptor neuron projections ; Antennal lobe ; Macroglomerular complex ; Intracellular recordings
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The functional organisation of the male specific macroglomerular complex in Heliothis virescens has been studied by tip recordings of sensilla trichodea type 1 combined with cobalt-lysine stainings and by intracellular recordings of antennal lobe projection neurons combined with neurobiotin stainings. The antennal lobe, the macroglomerular complex and the stained axons/dendrites were reconstructed by camera-lucida. Some were further computer reconstructed in three dimensions. The results showed that: 1) The macroglomerular complex consisted of four anatomically separated compartments; 2) A large compartment (the cumulus) at the entrance of the antennal nerve received input from receptor neurons responding to the major pheromone component; 3) Another large compartment, located dorso-medially of the cumulus (the dorso-medial compartment) received input from receptor neurons tuned to the second pheromone component; 4) Two ventrally located compartments received input from two receptor neuron types, co-localized in the same sensillum. Each neuron type responded strongest to one of two interspecifically acting signals, shown to interrupt the pheromone attraction. 5) The function of the dorso-medial compartment was further verified by selective arborizations in this compartment by a projection neuron showing strong response to antennal stimulation with the second pheromone component. At low concentration, the neuron responded synergistically to stimulation with the binary pheromone mixture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050290
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical communication in heliothine moths (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 169 (1991), S. 275-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Sex pheromones ; Antennal neurons ; (Z)-11-hexadecenal ; Helicoverpa zea ; Heliothis virescens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Helicoverpa zea males flew upwind and successfully contacted the source when presented with 2-component blends consisting of their principal conspecific sex pheromone component, (Z)-11-hexadecenal, plus small amounts of (Z)-9-tetradecenal, a key secondary component in the Heliothis virescens blend which has heretofore been considered antagonistic to H. zea pheromone-mediated behavior. Neurophysiological studies of H. zea antennal receptor neurons and central interneurons had suggested that this unexpected antagonistic effect on behavior might occur. 2. When the amount of (Z)-9-tetradecenal in the blend reached 15% relative to the principal component its effect did become antagonistic with significantly more H. zea males remaining quiescent. Five-to-fifteen percent (Z)-9-tetradecenal is emitted by H. virescens in its pheromone blend, levels that evoked optimal upwind flight and source contact in H. virescens males. 3. As suggested by studies of H. virescens antennal receptor neurons, H. virescens males were unresponsive to the reciprocal inter-specific blend, comprised of (Z)-11-hexadecenal plus various percentages of (Z)-9-hexadecenal. 4. Receptors that allow such mutual replacement of compounds might permit significant shifts in pheromone systems; a single mutation that drastically alters the female sex pheromone blend could still be carried in a population due to the successful attraction of normal males by mutant females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00206991
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of single receptor cells in the pine engraver beetle,Ips pini (SAY) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to its aggregation pheromone, ipsdienol, and the aggregation inhibitor, ipsenol (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 121 (1977), S. 343-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Responses of single olfactory cells on the antennal club ofIps pini have been recorded electrophysiologically. The majority of cells were strongly activated by either/or of the two behavior-modifying chemicals, the aggregation pheromone ipsdienol and the aggregation inhibitor ipsenol. Simultaneous stimulation with these terpence alcohols showed that ipsenol had no inhibitory effect on the receptor responses to ipsdienol. It appears that the behavioral inhibition by ipsenol on the attraction of ipsdienol results from central integration of the information from separate receptor cells rather than blockage at the peripheral receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613013
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ipsdienol-specific receptor cells in bark beetles: structure-activity relationships of various analogues and of deuterium-labelled ipsdienol (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 154 (1984), S. 591-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The specificity of receptor cells specialized for the bark beetle pheromone component, ipsdienol, was studied electrophysiologically (extracellular recordings) in species ofIps. Single cells were tested with both ipsdienol enantiomers, their racemate, and racemates of structurally similar compounds. The two cell types, keyed to (+)- and to (−)-ipsdienol, respectively, showed much weaker responses to the analogues, demonstrating the high specialization of the cells. The relationships between the dose-response curves of the two types were similar, favoring the concept of particular membrane receptor types (acceptors) in both cell types. The stimulatory efficacy of the various analogues suggested three key features of ipsdienol: (i) the free hydroxyl group at C-4, (ii) the C-2-C-3 double bond, and (iii) the diene system attached to C-5 which may be in acis-conformation. Substituting the C-4 hydrogen by deuterium did not affect the stimulatory effect of ipsdienol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00610172
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