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  • 1
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: This study describes the distribution of organic pollutants from the ground surface, through the unsaturated zone, to the water table at a citrus grove irrigated by sewage effluent for about 20 years. The citrus grove, located in Israel, overlies an unconfmed Coastal Plain aquifer about 2 km inland from the Mediterranean Sea. The distribution of organic compounds at the citrus grove is compared with two control sites receiving moisture from nonpolluted water sources (one in another citrus grove irrigated by ground water and the other in an uncultivated area receiving only precipitation). Overall, 10 analyses were performed. At the effluent-irrigated site, organic pollutants from the sewage had migrated through the 20 meter thick unsaturated zone to the water table; included in these were several pollutants, such as toluene and phthalates, that are considered to be biodegradable. Pollutant concentrations generally increased with depth. On the other hand, pollutant concentrations at the two control sites decreased significantly with depth through the unsaturated zone. The downward mobility of organic pollutants may be enhanced by the sewage itself. Because sewage effluent is considered to be a readily available source of irrigation water in many parts of the world, the results of this study suggest that what may seem to be a relatively simple solution to water scarcity problems may have potentially long-term and dangerous effects on ground-water quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 30 (1982), S. 613-615 
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 31 (1983), S. 138-142 
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A gas-chromatographic method is described for determination of residues of butocarboxime (Drawin), its structural isomer aldicarb (Temik), and their toxic sulfoxide and sulfone metabolites. These compounds were determined intact, by gaschromatography employing a thermionic specific detector (TSD). Breakdown of these relatively thermally unstable compounds was avoided by lowering the inlet temperature to 150 °C, by keeping column temperature as low as possible, and by using a low-load liquid phase (2% of OV-17 on Gas-Chrom Q). These compounds were determined in enriched extracts of samples of tomatoes and apples and also in the leaves of citrus and cotton. The method is suitable for the separation, differentiation and determination of the two isomers and their metabolites at an enrichment level of 0.1 μg/g of fresh weight. The results were confirmed by gas chromatography — chemical-ionization mass-spectrometry.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine gaschromatographische Rückstandsbestimmung des Butocarboxim, sein strukturell isomeres Aldicarb (Temik) und ihrer toxischen Sulfoxide und Sulfon-Metaboliten beschrieben. Diese Verbindungen wurden gaschromatisch unter Anwendung eines Thermoionen-Detektors bestimmt (TSD). Die Zerstörung dieser thermisch relativ unstabilen Verbindung wurde durch Erniedrigung der Einlaßtemperatur von 150 °C vermieden, indem die Säulentemperatur so niedrig als möglich gehalten wurde und durch Anwendung einer gering beladenen Säule (2% OV-17 auf Gas-Chrom Q). Diese Verbindungen wurden in angereicherten Extrakten von Tomaten und Äpfeln und ebenso in den Blättern von Citrus und Baumwolle bestimmt. Die Methode ist brauchbar für die Abtrennung, Differenzierung und Bestimmung der beiden Isomere und deren Metabolite bei einer Anreicherung in der Probe auf 0,1 μg/g des Frischgewichtes. Die Resultate werden durch Gaschromatographie und Ionisation-Massenspektrometrie bestätigt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 22 (1993), S. 487-499 
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Keywords: organic contaminants ; xenobiotics ; herbicides ; effluent irrigation ; mass spectrometric analysis ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We report on two different cases of penetration of organic pollutants deep into the soil and into groundwater. In one event a point source of pollution from a pesticides plant has been studied by a long-term follow-up of a polluted well close to the plant. A typical pattern of pollution has been observed in this well, which was studied for four years. There was a similar organic pollution pattern in soil samples close to the plant. The second case involved an agricultural area long irrigated with effluents. In this area there was an accumulation of organic pollutants deep in the soil (5-20 m depth) and in the groundwater. The mobilizing effect of effluents in promoting the penetration of micropollutants into the depth of soil has been shown. This effect presumably is due to the presence of surface active components. The reported results demonstrate the facile transport of a wide range of xenobiotic organics deep into the soil and into deep groundwater, and advises caution in the use of reclaimed wastewaters for irrigation. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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