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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 14 (2002), S. 30-36 
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Low cycle fatigue tests on as-cast Sn–Ag eutectic solder (96.5Sn–3.5Ag) were carried out using a non-contact strain controlled system at 20°C with different frequencies (10-3–1?Hz). Steps at the boundaries of Sn-dendrites were found to be the initiation sites for microcracks in the case of low frequency fatigue tests, while for high frequency tests, cracks predominantly initiated at the boundaries of subgrains formed within Sn-dendrites. The link up of these cracks and the propagation of cracks inside the specimen occurred both transgranularly through Sn–Ag eutectic phases, and intergranularly along Sn-dendrite boundaries and/or subgrain boundaries. Propagation of stage II cracks for various frequencies could be characterized by the C*-parameter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 14 (2002), S. 37-45 
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Fatigue crack growth (FCG) tests on lead-containing solders and lead-free solders have been carried out at frequencies ranging from 0.01 to 10?Hz and stress ratios in the range 0.1–0.7. The FCG resistance of lead-free solders was found to be superior to that of lead-containing solders. For both types of solder, cycle dependent behaviour is dominant for the tests at low stress ratios and high frequencies, while time-dependent effects become important at high stress ratios and low frequencies. For cycle dependent testing conditions, cracks primarily propagated in a transgranular manner, while a mixed trans/intergranular mode of crack propagation was observed for testing conditions where time dependent effects were dominant. The propagation path of intergranular cracks depended on the test materials, and along interfaces. After the FCG tests, the formation of small grains was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 14 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Fretting fatigue tests of high tensile roping steel, 1.5 mm in diameter, 1770 MPa grade, were carried out in air and seawater. S-N curves were completed in both the environments and under cathodic protection at-850 mV (SCE). The crack growth curves were determined at three different alternating stress levels. The coefficients of friction between the specimen and the fretting bridge, where the macro-slip occurred, were found to be 0.63 in air and 0.38 in seawater. The prediction of the fretting fatigue lives were made according to the Tanaka—Mutoh model, where the frictional force was taken into consideration. The predicted fatigue life agreed well with the experimental results in air but in seawater the prediction defined a much higher fatigue limit compared with the experimental results which showed the absence of the fatigue limit. These results indicate that the method of removing the electrochemical component is very promising for the prevention of fretting fatigue failure in seawater.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 12 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— —Fatigue tests and fretting fatigue tests of two steam turbine steels at room temperature and 773 K were carried out. The reduction of fatigue life and strength in the fretting test were significant at 773 K as well as at room temperature. The values of the friction coefficient at 773 K was almost equal to those at room temperature. The geometry of the fretting fatigue crack was flat in the early stage of fatigue life where a significant effect of fretting was observed. With increasing crack length and with a reducing effect of fretting, the fatigue crack shape changed to a semi-circular form. The fretting fatigue lives predicted on the basis of elastic-plastic fracture mechanics analysis, with the frictional force between the fretting pad and the specimen taken into consideration, agreed well with experimental results at both temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 17 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Fretting fatigue tests of an austenitic stainless steel used for a propeller tail shaft were carried out in seawater and in air. In seawater, fretting significantly reduced the fatigue strength, however, the fretting fatigue lives at higher levels of stress were longer than those in air. The tangential force coefficient (defined as the ratio of the frictional force amplitude and the contact load) in seawater was much lower than that in air and varied in the range from 0.3 to 0.5 during the fretting fatigue tests. The lower tangential force coefficient in seawater seems to be the main reason for the longer fretting fatigue life in seawater. The prediction of fretting fatigue life was made on the basis of elastic-plastic fracture mechanics, where the frictional force between the specimen and the contact pad was taken into consideration. The predicted fatigue lives agreed well with the experimental results in both air and seawater.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 16 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Fatigue crack growth tests of five ceramic materials were carried out in order to investigate the general characteristics of cyclic and static fatigue crack growth in ceramics. A cyclic effect was found in Si3N4, Al2O3 and TiB2, where the main fracture mechanism was intergranular separation, and stress shielding due to grain bridging occurred near the crack tip. On the other hand, no cyclic effect was observed in Sic and ZrO2, where the main fracture mechanism was transgranular fracture. The fatigue crack growth curves reduced to a unique curve by using the parameter Kup/E, regardless of the kind of ceramics studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 10 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The crack initiation lives of peened specimens of aluminium alloys 7010 and 8090 are shorter than those of unpeened specimens. This is caused by the acceleration of crack initiation due to stress concentration in the rough peened surface, especially at fold-like defects. The crack growth rate in peened specimens is significantly reduced with increasing ΔK, i.e. with increasing crack length. At a crack length of approximately 0.3 mm this trend is reversed and the crack growth rate rapidly increases and attains the same level of crack growth rate as that in unpeened specimens. The point of smallest crack growth rate roughly corresponds to the point of maximum residual stress. The crack growth rate in a peened specimen has been modelled by assuming the effect of residual stress reduces to the equivalent stress ratio. The predicted results agree well with the experimental data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PO Box 1354, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2XG, UK. : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 28 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Load-controlled fatigue tests were performed at 20 and 50 °C using two relative humidity levels of 55 and 80% to characterize the influence of humidity and temperature on the fatigue behaviour of an extruded AZ61 magnesium alloy. Fatigue tests were also conducted at 150 °C. No significant variation in fatigue properties was noticed with respect to temperature over the range from 20 to 50 °C for both the humidity levels. Fatigue limits in the range 140–150 MPa were observed for relative humidity of 55%. Fatigue strength decreased significantly with increase in temperature to 150 °C. Further, a significant reduction in fatigue strength with a fatigue limit of ∼110 MPa was observed with increase in relative humidity to 80% at 20 and 50 °C. The crack initiation and propagation remained transgranular under all test conditions. The fatigue fracture at low stress amplitudes and high relative humidity of 80% results from the formation of corrosion pits at the surface and their growth to a critical size for fatigue-crack initiation and propagation. The observed reduction in fatigue strength at high humidity is ascribed to the effects associated with fatigue–environment interaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Fretting fatigue strengths of high strength spring steel (JIS SUP9) and low strength medium carbon steel (JIS S45C) were examined by clamping the contact pads of the same individual materials. The pad contact pressures were kept constant at 60 MPa for SUP9 steel and at 45 MPa for S45C steel. The fretting reduced the fatigue strengths by a factor of about two in both the steels. Cyclic J-integral concepts were successfully employed to predict crack propagation lives using measured data on frictional forces between the fretting pads and the specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 19 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A cyclic fretting fatigue test machine was constructed. The piezoelectric bimorphs were used as actuators for cyclic loading and fretting motion at the resonance frequency of the system. Fretting fatigue tests under static and cyclic loading conditions were carried out using HIP-sintered silicon nitride. From the experimental results, it was found that fretting fatigue strengths under the two test conditions were identical and hence the effect of cyclic loading on fretting fatigue strength of silicon nitride was almost negligible. A fretting crack initiated in a very early stage of the fatigue life at the position of the maximum frictional stress in the contact area. Fretting fatigue life prediction based on fracture mechanics was also carried out. The predicted lives were in good agreement with the experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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