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  • 1
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 25 (1994), S. 13-23 
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The first part of this review is devoted to medical applications of Raman spectroscopy as a diagnostic or analytical tool. Studies of human arteries, ocular lenses, living cells and chromosomes are reviewed, in addition to recent advantages in cancer diagnostics using Raman spectroscopy. The second and major part is devoted to a relatively new field, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy of biomedical species. The SERS effect is accompanied by strong quenching of fluorescence and so enabes the range of species that can be investigated by Raman technique to be extended. The ultra-high sensitivity of SERS enables spectra to be obtained at concentrations down to 10-10 M. A wide range of experiments designed to probe the structure, topology and composition of biomedical species using SERS spectroscopy can be envisioned. Some of these currently being studied are: the determination of the distribution of drugs within a living cell and on the cellular membrane, the selective study of cell membrane components, the analysis of crude biomedical mixtures and extracts and new techniques, based on SERS spectroscopy, Fourier transform SERS spectroscopy and the SERS microprobe method.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 21 (1990), S. 333-336 
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Surface-enhanced Raman (SER) spectra of nucleotides, calf thymus DNA and plasmid pAO 3 in the supercoiled and relaxed conformations adsorbed on colloidal silver were analysed. Two different techniques were used for the preparation of the silver hydrosol. All the compounds were adsorbed on the standard hydrosol with very low specificity with respect to the chemical nature of the adsorbate. ‘Activation’ of the standard hydrosol by Cl- ions induced adsorption sites highly specific to the adenine nucleotides. It was demonstrated that recording of highresolution SER spectra of nucleic acids and their components at 10-13 g is possible and that ‘activation’ of the silver hydrosol permits the selective detection of the sites of destabilization of double-stranded helices and identification of the nucleotides in these sites.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 14 (1983), S. 375-379 
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Surface-enhanced Raman spectra of some amino acids (Phe, Tyr, Trp, His, Leu and Ala) and cytotoxin I from Naja naja oxiana adsorbed by silver hydrosols have been obtained. The spectra are enhanced from 100 to 200 times. Addition of aqueous solutions of the amino acids to the hydrosol resulted in the appearance of an absorption band in the visible spectral range (450-650 nm) due to formation of the hydrosol-amino acid complex. The surface-enhanced Raman spectrum and the absorption band disappear after short ultrasonic treatment of the complex. Comparison of electron microphotographs of the silver hydrosol and the hydrosolprotein complex clearly demonstrate coagulation of the silver micelles, apparently caused by protein adsorption and complex formation. The excitation profile of the Phe-Ag hydrosol complex was obtained and this agreed well with the position of the longwave absorption band. From the analysis of the intensity ratios of the Stokes and anti-Stokes components of the Raman spectra of Phe in the silver hydrosol and in aqueous solution the mechanism of the resonance Raman effect is strongly supported. The problem of possible conformational changes of the adsorbed molecules was considered. From CD spectra of cytotoxin I in aqueous solution and those in the silver hydrosol it was concluded that the backbone conformation of the protein did not change, but the environment of the aromatic residues altered. Experiments on the binding of an equimolar mixture of Phe and Ala with silver hydrosols showed that competitive binding took place, and thus the aromatic amino acid is mainly responsible for the surface-enhanced Raman effect.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0377-0486
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A multi-purpose instrument which allows the recording of confocal micro-Raman, micro-SERS and micro-fluorescence spectral images of sample areas from 5 × 5 to l50 × l50 μm with a lateral resolution of ca. 0 3 μm and an axial resolution of ca. 1 μm was developed. The instrument is a combination of two spectrometers both coupled to the same microscope, motorized sample stage, confocal entrance chamber, macro-sample chamber and CCD detector. The first spectrometer includes a double monochromator coupled with a spectrograph and exhibits the properties of a typical high-resolution Raman instrument permitting measurements of the low-wavenumber regions of the spectra. The second spectrometer includes a Notch filter and a spectrograph equipped with two interchangeable low-dispersion gratings and exhibits the properties of a high-luminosity spectrometer, suitable for low resolution, over a wide spectral range and highly sensitive micro-Raman and microfluorescence measurements. The choice of spectrometer most suitable for a particular application can be made automatically without additional prealignment of the system. The system of optical scanners operating in the confocal mode and two-dimensional CCD detection allow the accumulation of spectra from hundreds of points of the sample under the microscope simultaneously. A computer-controlled scanning sample stage and a system using a ‘scanning line’ of the laser beam allow fast recording of well resolved confocal spectral images (CSI) without sample degradation. Conventional images of species could be recorded with a TV-CCD camera through the microscope optics. The software supports all stages of CSI recording and allows the combined treatment of conventional and spectral images including their spatial calibration and conversion of spectral image into a conventional image, to assign point-by-point the spectral data to the conventional image. The applicability of the instrumentation and techniques to the study of polymeric materials, industrial samples and fluid inclusions in minerals was demonstrated. Spectral images based on the micro-SERS analysis of an antitumour drug adsorbed on the hydrosol were recorded and are discussed in terms of their application to the micro-SERS imaging studies of living cells.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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