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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic aspects of susceptibility to obesity and related dyslipidemias (1992)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 113 (1992), S. 151-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: obesity ; cardiovascular disease ; lipoproteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Obesity has a multifactorial origin. However, although environmental variables undoubtedly play a role in the development of obesity, it is now clear that genetic variation is also involved in the determination of an individual's susceptibility to body fat accumulation. In addition, it is also widely accepted that obesity is not a single homogeneous phenotype. It is also heterogeneous regarding its causes and metabolic complications. The regional distribution of body fat appears to be an important correlate of the metabolic complications that have been related to obesity. Due to their higher accumulation of abdominal fat, men are generally more at risk for the metabolic complications of obesity than women whereas some obese women, with large gluteal-femoral adipose depots may have a cosmetic problem which may not necessarily require medical intervention. Several studies have been conducted to understand the mechanisms by which abdominal obesity is related to diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. It appears that the increased risk of abdominal obesity is the result of complex hormonal and metabolic interactions. Studies in genetic epidemiology have shown that both total body fatness and the regional distribution of body fat have a significant genetic component. Standardized intervention studies using an identical twin design have shown that individuals that have the same genetic background tend to show similar changes in body fat and in plasma lipoprotein levels when exposed to standardized caloric excess or energy restriction. Finally, although abdominal obesity is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, not every abdominal obese subject will experience metabolic complications, suggesting that some obese individuals may be more susceptible than others. Variation in several genes relevant to lipid and lipoprotein metabolism may alter the relation of abdominal obesity to dyslipoproteinemias. Abdominal obesity should therefore be considered as a factor that exacerbates an individual's susceptibility to cardiovascular disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231535
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of the exercise-induced increment in glucose storage to the increased insulin sensitivity of endurance athletes (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 54 (1985), S. 231-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Glucose storage ; Insulin ; Exercise-training ; Athletes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study was designed to evaluate the contribution of the exercise-induced increment in glucose storage to the increased insulin sensitivity characterizing endurance athletes. Plasma glucose and insulin were measured during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in six endurance athletes. Glucose storage and lipid oxidation during this test were also determined using indirect calorimetry. These measurements were compared to those obtained in five non-trained subjects who were tested before and during the three days following a 90-min cycle ergometer exercise performed at 69% of their $$\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{{\text{2max}}} }$$ . As expected, preexercise values of non-trained subjects revealed a much higher insulin response to glucose, and a lower glucose storage and lipid oxidation compared to results obtained in endurance trained individuals. Glucose tolerance was comparable in both groups. The morning following the exercise test, i. e. about 16 h after exercise, glucose storage was significantly increased in non-trained subjects to a level similar to that found in trained subjects. Surprisingly, this was accompanied by higher values of glucose during the OGTT without significant changes in insulinaemia. This impairment in glucose homeostasis was transitory since glucose tolerance had returned to control level on day 2 after exercise. At that time, the increase in glucose storage was less pronounced than in day 1. On day 3 after exercise, glucose and insulin responses to glucose were similar to preexercise values. These results indicate that the increase in glucose storage by acute exercise is not systematically associated with an improved glucose homeostasis, suggesting that other adaptive mechanisms also contribute to the improvement of insulin sensitivity in endurance athletes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426138
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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