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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PREVALENCE OF RAYNAUD'S PHENOMENON AND SPECIFIC CLINICAL SIGNS RELATED TO PROGRESSIVE SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS IN THE GENERAL POPULATION OF JAPAN (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of dermatology 32 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-4632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. In order to evaluate the prevalence rates of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) and specific clinical signs related to progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) in the general population of Japan, inquiries were made concerning RP in the hands and dermatologic examinations were also conducted. Methods. One thousand and sixty-three subjects (332 men and 731 women) over 30 years of age who underwent inhabitants' health examinations in 1990 were considered for this study. Results. The prevalence of RP was 3.0% in men and 3.4% in women. In 8 men and 17 women with RP who received the blood tests, the positive rates of antinuclear antibody (ANA) were 12.5% and 35.3% in men and women, respectively. The prevalence rates of all five specific clinical signs related to PSS, sclerodactyly, pitting scars of the fingers, brown pigmentation of the body, shortened frenulum of the tongue, and flexion contracture of fingers, were under 2% in men and 3% in women. In women with RP the prevalence rates of sclerodactyly, pitting scars of the fingertips, brown pigmentation of the body, and shortened frenulum of the tongue were 16.0, 4.0, 4.0, and 16.0%, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those of persons without RP. Conclusions. Because some persons with primary RP may become typical cases of PSS within several years, a follow-up study, particulary for women who have positive titers of ANA with RP, should be carried out to find out whether the persons suffer from PSS or not.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1993.tb04020.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soy, fat and other dietary factors in relation to premenstrual symptoms in Japanese women (2004)
    Oxford, UK and Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    BJOG 111 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective  To evaluate the relations of intakes of soy, fat and other dietary components to premenstrual symptoms.Design  Cross sectional study.Setting  Three colleges and two nursing schools.Population  One hundred and eighty-nine Japanese women aged 19 to 34 years.Methods  Intakes of nutrients and foods, including soy products and isoflavones, were estimated by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. Change in menstrual cycle symptoms were assessed by the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ).Main outcome measures  Spearman rank correlation of soy and other dietary factors with changes in MDQ scores between the follicular and the premenstrual phases after controlling for age, marital status, exercise, smoking status, age at menarche and number of days of bleeding.Results  Neither soy product nor isoflavone intake was significantly associated with change in MDQ score in the premenstrual phase. Intakes of total, saturated and monounsaturated fats were significantly correlated with change in scores for total MDQ and subscale ‘pain’ in the premenstrual phase after controlling for the covariates. Intake of cereals/potatoes/starches was significantly inversely correlated with a change in total MDQ score in the premenstrual phase.Conclusions  High intake of fats and low intake of foods with high concentration of carbohydrate may be associated with premenstrual symptoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00130.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: A CASE-CONTROL EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY IN JAPAN (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of dermatology 34 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-4632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is designated by the Japanese government as one of the intractable diseases and all patients, who suffer from these diseases, are registered to get financial aid for treatment. Using newly registered SLE patients, a case-control study was conducted to evaluate potential risk factors. Methods. Two-hundred and eighty-two women SLE patients, newly registered to receive financial aid for treatment, and 292 randomly selected health examination participants at public health centers (controls) were surveyed from April 1988 through March 1990. By means of a self-administered questionnaire, data concerning demographic variables, smoking and drinking habits, past medical and reproductive history, and family history were collected. Results. Based on unconditional logistic regression analysis, the risk of SLE was significantly increased for current smokers (age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.34–3.97). Alcohol and milk intake were inversely associated with risk. Family histories of asthma and collagen diseases, including SLE, were associated with significantly elevated risk of SLE (OR = 2.07, 95% ci 1.14–3.77; OR = 5.20, 95% CI 1.08–24.95, respectively). Regarding reproductive function, women with menarche at age 15 or later had significantly higher risk than those, who started menstruating before age 12 (OR = 3.82, 95% CI 1.66–8.81 for menarche at 〉 15 years and OR = 2.90, 95% a 1.14–7.39 for menarche at 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:00119059:IJD333:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉 16y). Conclusions. Our study suggests several risk factors, including smoking, family history, and reproductive history that may increase the risk of SLE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-4362.1995.tb03614.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LOSARTAN AND CAPTOPRIL FOLLOW DIFFERENT MECHANISMS TO DECREASE PRESSOR RESPONSES IN THE PITHED RAT (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 24 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. We investigated the effects of losartan and captopril on noradrenaline (NA) release and vascular reactivity to NA in the pithed rat.2. The pressor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation (SNS) before and after i.v. administration of captopril (1 mg/kg), losartan (1 and 10 mg/kg), sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 5 μg/kg per min), losartan (1 mg/kg) + captopril (1 mg/kg), captopril (1 mg/kg) + losartan (1 mg/kg) or the bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist HOE 140 (1 mg/kg) + captopril (1 mg/kg) were measured. Plasma NA concentrations were measured during 60 s SNS before and after losartan (1 mg/kg), captopril (1 mg/kg), SNP (5 μg/kg per min) or HOE 140 (1 mg/kg) + captopril (1 mg/kg). Pressor responses to exogenous NA were measured before and after administration of losartan (1 mg/kg), captopril (1 mg/kg), HOE 140 (1 mg/kg) + captopril (1 mg/kg) or the nitric oxide synthase (NO) inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 10 mg/kg) + captopril (1 mg/kg).3. Captopril, losartan and SNP decreased frequency-response curves to a similar extent. The captopril-induced decrease in pressor responses to SNS was restored by pretreatment with HOE 140. Adding captopril to losartan decreased the curve more than did adding losartan to captopril. Both losartan, captopril and HOE 140 + captopril significantly decreased the plasma NA concentration after SNS (34.1±5.0, 27.4±2.6 and 41.4+8.1%, respectively). Sodium nitroprusside did not change the plasma NA concentration after SNS (3.8±28.2%). The dose-response curves to i.v. NA were not affected by losartan, but were significantly decreased by captopril. However, responses to NA that were reduced by captopril were restored to control values by pretreatment with HOE 140 or L-NAME.4. We suggest that both losartan and captopril decrease pressor responses to SNS by inhibiting NA release from sympathetic nerve endings; however, captopril also decreases ‘vascular reactivity’ to NA, which is mediated by nitric oxide produced by activation of the bradykinin B2 receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb02115.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and colorectal adenoma in Japanese men and women (1999)
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 42 (1999), S. 337-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Colorectal adenoma ; Smoking ; Alcohol ; Diet ; Japanese
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between smoking and alcohol use and risk of colorectal adenoma. METHODS: Information about smoking, alcohol use, and other lifestyle variables were obtained prospectively from 14,427 male and 17,125 female residents in a city of Gifu Prefecture, Japan, by a self-administered questionnaire in September, 1992. Colorectal adenomas were newly diagnosed in 181 men and 78 women in this cohort between January, 1993 and December, 1995 by colonoscopic examination at two major hospitals of the city. Gender-specific and site-specific relative risks and 95 percent confidence intervals adjusted for age and for age plus other potential confounding factors were calculated by using logistic regression models. RESULTS: Thirty or more years of smoking was significantly associated with risk of adenoma in general compared with never having smoked in both men and women (relative risk, 1.60; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.02–2.62 and relative risk, 4.54; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.04–9.08, respectively). Effect of smoking was stronger in the proximal colon. After adjusting for age and carbohydrate intake, total alcohol intake was not associated with risk of adenoma in any site in the colon in men. Sake drinkers were at significantly increased risk of adenoma in general, but the dose-response relationship was not statistically significant. Risk of adenoma in the rectum was not significantly increased for those who consumed 〉30.3 g/day of ethanol (relative risk, 5.7). CONCLUSION: These data suggest that smoking is a risk factor of adenoma in Japanese men and women. The role of alcohol, however, is less clear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02236350
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hand-arm vibration syndrome and its prevalence in the present status of private forestry enterprises in Japan (1992)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 64 (1992), S. 93-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Vibration syndrome ; Elderly workers ; Private forestry enterprises ; Vibration-induced white finger ; Cold water immersion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Currently there are no limitations on age of employment on private forestries in Japan. Hence, it was hypothesized that in these kind of enterprises, elderly chain saw operators, or those with long-term exposure, might be at higher risk of developing hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). We consequently investigated the prevalence of HAVS in 447 chain saw workers on private forestries in Gifu Prefecture, Japan, with particular reference to age and exposure period. Of this population, 43 (9.6%) had signs and symptoms of vibration-induced white finger (VWF), and among these workers the severity of finger blanching was significantly correlated (P 〈 0.01) with the exposure period. Classification of all subjects by exposure period showed that workers with ≥ 30 years' exposure had higher prevalences of VWF (20.9%) and numbness of the hands (25.4%) compared to other groups. Significant differences (P 〈 0.01) were found between the functional capacities of workers with VWF and those of control subjects. We concluded that (a) the elderly chain saw operators and those with longer exposure should be moved to other jobs with a lower or no risk of exposure to vibration, and (b) the results of screening tests, even without cold water immersion (which we did not employ, in order to protect workers' hands), could be helpful for the identification of workers with VWF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381475
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cutaneous signs (Raynaud's phenomenon, sclerodactylia, and efladema of the hands) and hand-arm vibration exposure (1993)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 64 (1993), S. 587-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Vibration ; Raynaud's phenomenon ; Sclerodactylia ; Edema
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dermatological tests and examinations of the hand(s) were carried out in vibration-exposed and un exposed males. The subjects were 179 chain-saw workers in private forestry companies and 205 local inhabitants who had never used vibrating tools. The prevalences of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP), sclerodactylia, and edema of the hands were estimated in both groups, and associations between these cutaneous signs and vibration exposure were evaluated. The prevalences of RP and edema in the exposed group were 9.5% and 1.7%, respectively, and in the unexposed group, 2.9% and 1.5%, respectively. Sclerodactylia was seen in 31.8% of the chain-saw workers but in only 6.4% of the unexposed individuals. In statistical analyses based on unconditional logistic regression models with adjustment for age, RP was associated with long-term (≥ 20 years) vibration exposure [odds ratio (OR) = 7.06; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.51−19.87]. Sclerodactylia was associated with both short- and long-term vibration exposure (OR = 6.54, Cl = 3.30-13.36; OR = 7.05; CI = 3.41-14.60, respectively). There were significant dose-response relationships between RP and duration of exposure and between sclerodactylia and duration of exposure. Results of function tests indicated a longer recovery time and a higher vibration threshold for the workers with RP. The presence of sclerodactylia, however, did not have any significant influence on function test results. It is possible to conclude that not only RP but also sclerodactylia could be induced by vibration exposure. However, most cases of sclerodactylia were not so serious as to involve disturbances of peripheral circulatory and nerve function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00517705
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon in different groups of workers operating hand-held vibrating tools (1994)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 66 (1994), S. 13-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Exposure time ; Exposed workers ; Hand-held vibrating tools ; Hand-transmitted vibration level ; Raynaud's phenomenon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In eight groups of subjects operating various hand-held vibrating tools and aged from 30 to 59 years, the prevalence rates of vibration-induced white finger (VWF) and numbness, pain, or stiffness in the upper and lower extremities were investigated. Hand-transmitted vibration levels (HTVLs) were measured on the back of the hand, by means of unidirectional (x-axis) vibration dosimeters, and the frequency-weighted acceleration levels [(Lh,w)eq,t] were determined as the vibration levels. The prevalence rates of VWF and numbness of the hands in these subjects were compared to the prevalence rates of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) and numbness of the hands in 1027 males and 1301 females not occupationally exposed to vibration (age range: 30–59 years). It was observed that in subjects exposed to HTVLs of between 1.1 and 2.5 m/s2, the prevalence of VWF was between 0.0% and 4.8%. The prevalence of VWF reached 9.6% in a group of workers exposed to HTVLs of 2.7–5.1 tn/s2. The latter group showed a significant difference (P 〈 0.05) in the prevalence of VWF compared to the 2.7% prevalence of RP in male subjects of the general population. The prevalence of VWF in female subjects exposed to vibration (4.3%) was not significantly different from the prevalence of RP in females of the general population (3.4%). The prevalence rates of numbness of the hands were in the range of 6.5%–30.4% in the exposed groups and in the range of 13.4%–29.5% in the general population. Among the subjective symptoms, only VWF showed a significant positive correlation with HTVLs (R 2 = 0.5, P 〈 0.05). It was concluded that in decisions concerning quantitative recommendations for vibration exposure, the prevalence of VWF should be employed. With a view to decreasing the risk of developing VWF, estimated vibration safety values for 4 h and 2 h daily exposures are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00386574
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Associations of alcohol, height, and reproductive factors with serum hormone concentrations in postmenopausal Japanese women (1997)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 44 (1997), S. 235-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate ; estradiol ; postmenopausal Japanese ; progesterone ; sex hormone-binding globulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We measured serum levels of estradiol (E2), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), progesterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) in 61 postmenopausal women drawn from female residents in a community in Japan to evaluate the relationships between these hormone levels and potential breast cancer risk factors. The information on reproductive history, body size, alcohol use, and physical activity was obtained by means of a self-administered questionnaire. There was a significant trend in increasing E2 level with increasing height after taking account of age and body mass index (BMI) (p for trend = 0.04). BMI was inversely associated with SHBG level after controlling for age (p for trend = 0.01). Decreasing progesterone with increasing BMI was observed after controlling age and history of hysterectomy (P=0.05). Alcohol consumption was positively associated with E2 level and there was a strong linear trend after controlling for age, height, and BMI (p for trend=0.001). Trend for increasing DHEAS with alcohol consumption was also statistically significant after controlling for age and history of hysterectomy (p for trend=0.01). Reproductive factors as well as physical activity were not related to any of the hormone levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005831220205
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trends in the incidence rate and risk factors for breast cancer in Japan (1997)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 44 (1997), S. 75-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; incidence ; Japan ; risk factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The incidence rate of breast cancer in Japanrose more than two-fold from 1959–60 to 1983–87.To assess to what extent this increase canbe explained by changes in the prevalence offour major risk factors of breast cancer (i.e.age at menarche, age at first birth, ageat menopause, and parity), we estimated the probabilityof developing breast cancer based on the jointdistribution and relative risks of these four riskfactors. The age-specific incidence rate during 1959–60 reportedby the Miyagi Prefectural Cancer Registry was usedto estimate the baseline hazard rate for womenwithout the four risk factors in the sameage group. Assuming that the baseline hazard rateis constant during all periods, we calculated theexpected incidence rates during the periods of 1959–60,1962–64, 1968–71, 1973–77, 1978–81, and 1983–87 for eachage group. Large discrepancies were noted between theobserved and expected incidence rates during 1983–87 inall age groups. The change in the jointdistribution of the four risk factors accounted forless than 40% of the increase observed from1959–60 to 1983–87, suggesting the effects of otherpowerful risk factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005726110649
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