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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metformin in the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a pilot open label trial (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Insulin sensitizing agents may be useful in treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Aim : A pilot study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of metformin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Methods : In an open labelled study, patients with histologically confirmed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were given metformin (20 mg/kg) for 1 year. Insulin resistance (by log homeostasis assessment model analysis for insulin resistance and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index) and post-treatment hepatic histology were compared with pre-treatment histology.Results : Fifteen patients completed 1 year of treatment. During the initial 3 months, there was improvement in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (P-value 0.01 and 0.02, respectively) along with improvement in insulin sensitivity. However, after 3 months, there was no further improvement in insulin sensitivity and there was gradual rise in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase back to pre-treatment levels. Among the 10 patients with post-treatment biopsy, three (33%), showed improvement in steatosis, two (20%) showed improvement in inflammation score and one (10%) showed improvement in fibrosis.Conclusion : Metformin treatment was associated with only a transient improvement in liver chemistries. A progressive, sustainable reduction in insulin sensitivity was not noted during treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02025.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pentobarbitone premedication for anaesthesia The influence of the preparation and route of administration on its clinical action (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 31 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1976.tb11939.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma pentobarbitone levels (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 31 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1976.tb11940.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma pentobarbitone levels (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 31 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1976.tb11941.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GRASSES AND GALL MIDGES: Plant Defense and Insect Adaptation (2003)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 48 (2003), S. 549-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The interactions of two economically important gall midge species, the rice gall midge and the Hessian fly, with their host plants, rice and wheat, respectively, are characterized by plant defense via R genes and insect adaptation via avr genes. The interaction of a third gall midge species, the orange wheat blossom midge, with wheat defense R genes has not yet exhibited insect adaptation. Because of the simple genetics underlying important aspects of these gall midge-grass interactions, a unique opportunity exists for integrating plant and insect molecular genetics with coevolutionary ecology. We present an overview of some genetic, physiological, behavioral, and ecological studies that will contribute to this integration and point to areas in need of study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.48.091801.112559
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of inhibitors in patients with haemophilia from India (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 7 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Four hundred and seven patients (352 haemophilia A and 55 haemophilia B) were investigated for the presence of factor VIII and IX inhibitors. Twenty-four out of 292 severe and two out of 36 moderate haemophilia A patients showed the presence of inhibitors. The mean age at development of inhibitors was 17.7 years (range 6–52 years). In 12 patients the inhibitors were detected due to suboptimal response to factor replacement therapy (symptomatic) and in the remaining 14 patients the inhibitors were detected during the routine screening of the patients’ samples for inhibitors. They had, however, responded well to the usual doses of factor concentrates and there was no suspicion in these patients that they had developed an inhibitor (asymptomatic). There were two families in which the inhibitors were detected in more than one family member. The level of inhibitors in symptomatic patients ranged from 2.2 Bethesda units (BU) mL–1 to 460.6 BU mL–1, and in asymptomatic patients it ranged from 0.8 BU mL–1 to 3.2 BU mL–1. The inhibitors persisted in all patients except one, who developed an inhibitor postoperatively for a brief period of 3 months. All these patients were followed up from first factor exposure and were tested for inhibitors at least twice a year. The mean number of exposure days before they developed inhibitors was 47.5 exposure days (range 17–98 exposure days). No inhibitors appeared after more than 100 exposure days in any of the patients. When 50 consecutive patients were investigated for intron 22 inversions of the factor VIII gene, 17 patients were found to be positive for inversions (10 proximal inversion; seven distal inversion) out of whom four patients developed inhibitors, three patients belonging to the same family. Out of 35 haemophilia B patients, only one patient developed an inhibitor. The overall prevalence of inhibitors was thus 8.2%, which is similar to the reports from western countries, prior to the introduction of highly purified factor concentrate therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2516.2001.00505.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inherited haemostatic disorders in idiopathic menorrhagia: Do the special interest of a hemostatic laboratory make a difference? (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 9 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2516.2003.00798.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of factor VIII gene mutations in 101 patients with haemophilia A: mutation analysis by inversion screening and multiplex PCR and CSGE and molecular modelling of 10 novel missense substitutions (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 11 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Haemophilia A (HA) is an X-linked bleeding disorder caused by diverse mutations in the human coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) gene. We have analysed DNA from 109 unrelated Indian patients with HA for their FVIII gene defects. Among these patients 89 (82%) had severe (FVIII:C 〈1%) HA, 11 (10%) had moderate (FVIII:C 1–5%) HA and nine (8%) had mild (FVIII:C 5–30%) HA. These patients were first screened for the common intron 22 and intron 1 inversions. Inversion negative samples were screened for point mutations by a multiplex PCR and conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis strategy. Mutations were identified in 101 of the 109 patients. These included two (2%) intron 1 and 51 (51%) intron 22 inversions, four (4%) gross deletions and 44 (43%) point mutations. Twenty-nine novel causative mutations, including 11 missense, seven frameshift, five nonsense mutations, three splice site defects and three gross deletions were detected. Ten of the novel missense mutations were studied by molecular modelling. Two different (Thr2253Pro and Pro1392fs) mutations were seen in four unrelated families and FVIII gene haplotyping suggested a common founder effect. Seven of these 109 patients had inhibitors. Among them, four had intron 22 inversions, one had a novel gross deletion (delexon 2–9) and one a nonsense mutation (Trp1535Stop). In one of these patients, no mutation could be identified in the FVIII gene. A Thr2253Pro novel mutation and an intron 22 inversion were identified in two female haemophiliacs. The data from this study suggests that the spectrum of gene defects in Indian patients with HA is as heterogeneous as reported in other populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2516.2005.01121.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene expression profiles associated with survival of individual rat dentate cells after endogenous corticosteroid deprivation (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Removal of circulating corticosterone by adrenalectomy (ADX) leads to apoptosis after 3 days in a small population of rat dentate granule neurons, whereas most surrounding cells remain viable. Interestingly, a specific expression profile is triggered in surviving granule cells that may enhance their survival. Hippocampal slices prepared 1, 2 or 3 days after ADX or sham operation were stained ex vivo with Hoechst 33258, which serves to identify apoptotic neurons. After electrophysiological analysis, multiple gene expression in surviving individual granule cells was assessed by linear antisense RNA amplification and hybridization to slot blots containing various neuronal cDNAs. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis was performed on two physiological variables and 14 mRNA ratios from ADX cells from every time point. Our results indicate that surviving 3-day ADX granule cells display lower membrane capacitance, lower relative N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) R1 mRNA expression and higher relative mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), α1A voltage-gated Ca-channel, Bcl-2 and NMDA R2C mRNA expression. Some 1- and 2-day ADX cells cluster with these 3-day survivors; therefore, one or more components of their mRNA expression profile may represent predictive markers for apoptosis resistance. The functional relevance of two candidate genes was tested by in vivo local over-expression in the same model system; of these, Bcl-2 conferred partial protection when induced shortly before ADX. Therefore, removal of corticosteroids triggers a specific gene expression profile in surviving dentate granule cells; key components of this profile may be associated with their survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03819.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute stress increases calcium current amplitude in rat hippocampus: temporal changes in physiology and gene expression (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Activation of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors in vitro increases calcium current amplitude through a process requiring DNA binding of receptor homodimers. We here investigated (i) whether similar increased calcium currents also occur following in vivo glucocorticoid receptor activation due to stress and (ii) if so, whether this can be explained by increased expression of calcium channel subunits. Rats were exposed to a novelty stress; some of the animals were pretreated with a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist. In subsequently prepared hippocampal slices, calcium currents were recorded from identified CA1 pyramidal neurons, after which RNA was collected, linearly amplified and hybridized with cDNA clones. Glucocorticoid receptor activation due to novelty exposure was associated with large total peak calcium currents and high-threshold noninactivating currents. Low-threshold calcium currents were not affected. Large total peak and noninactivating current amplitudes were also seen when animals received a more severe stressor, i.e. additional ether exposure. In the stressed groups, the total peak and high-threshold calcium current gradually increased with time resulting in a significant enhancement at ≥3 h after stress exposure. In the same cells, the summated (relative) RNA expression of various α1 calcium channel subunits was only transiently enhanced, prior to the functional changes. These data indicate that in vivo activation of glucocorticoid receptors due to stress gradually increases specific calcium current components. Prior to the functional change, increased expression of calcium channel subunits was observed, suggesting that the enhanced function could be explained by transcriptional regulation of the channels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02845.x
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