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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Five-year follow-up caries study among Nigerian children (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 18 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eighty-five children (age in 1981, 3–9 yr) examined in the 1981 survey in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, were seen again in 1986. In addition cross-sectional caries data in a small sample of 6–14-yr-olds were compared with data obtained in 1986. Results show that caries prevalence rate and the average number of DMFT increased slightly in the urban areas, but was still very low. Both caries prevalence and the average number of DMFT decreased in rural areas because attrition proceeded faster than did caries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.1990.tb00056.x
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  • 2
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    ON FACIAL SIMILARITY IN RELATIVES (1976)
    Baltimore : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Human Biology. 48:3 (1976:Sept.) 611 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-7143
    Topics: Biology
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:5243-1976-048-03-000016
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of a continental slope along the western boundary on the abyssal circulation (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of oceanography 48 (1992), S. 193-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-868X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract To investigate effects of a continental slope along the western boundary on the abyssal circulation, numerical experiments using multi-level models were carried out. An ocean which extends over the northern and southern hemispheres is forced by cooling inside the ocean at the southwest corner of the basin and uniform heating through the sea surface. When the reference density for the cooling is vertically uniform, effects of the slope emerge clearly for the slope with considerably broad width. The deep western boundary current flowing over the slope feeds no bottom flows in the southern hemisphere, and carries the warmed deep water into the northern hemisphere. This leads to the increased meridional density gradient, which results in the modification of deep flow patterns. When the reference density is vertically distributed, the upper and lower northward flowing western boundary currents form in the deep layer. As the density stratification relaxes the topographic control, the westward intensification of the upper boundary current is achieved over the slope. The intensified flow is accompanied by the countercurrent and they form the horizontal recirculation over the slope. However, the effects are confined around the slope region and the interior flow patterns do not change. The lower boundary current is not significantly affected by the slope and has the large width with no countercurrent. It is found that the actual continental slope does not have significant effects on the gross feature of the thermohaline circulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02239005
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the dam strain on the spontaneous incidence of cleft lip and palate and intrauterine growth of CL/Fr mouse fetuses (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 12 (1995), S. 447-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: prenatal maternal effect ; spontaneous incidence of CLP ; intrauterine growth ; mouse embryo transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose The effects of dam strain on the spontaneous incidence of the cleft lip and palate (CLP) and the intrauterine growth of transferred CLP-susceptible CL/Fr embryos were examined with an embryo transfer technique. The CL/Fr strain of embryos at the early blastocyst stage was transferred to the same dam strain and also to the CLP-resistant C57BL dam strain. A laparotomy was done on the 18th gestational day at which time the number of fetuses, the resorption sites and the fetus weight were recorded. Each fetus was checked for the presence of CLP. Five criteria to assess the reproduction and fertility as well as the fetus weight were then compared between both dam strains. Results The dam pregnancy rate and the fetus survival rate in the CL/Fr dam strain were both significantly lower than those in the C57BL dam strain. The resorption rate in the CL/Fr dam strain was significantly higher than that in the C57BL dam strain. The spontaneous incidence rate of CLP in the CL/Fr dam strain was also significantly higher than that in the C57BL dam strain. The fetus weight of the CL/Fr fetuses developed in the CL/Fr dam strain was significantly lighter than that of the CL/Fr fetuses developed in the C57BL dam strain. Conclusion The results indicated that the CLP-susceptible CL/Fr dam strain provided a less favorable uterine environment for the implantation, survival and intrauterine growth of the transferred CL/Fr embryos and also caused a higher spontaneous incidence rate of CLP. Thus, it can be concluded that the effect of the dam strain appears to play an important role on the spontaneous incidence of CLP and the intrauterine growth of the CL/ Fr strain embryos transferred to both CL/Fr and C57BL dam strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02211146
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of dam's strain on the intrauterine craniofacial growth of mouse fetuses (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 11 (1994), S. 359-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7330
    Keywords: dam's weight ; craniofacial growth ; mouse embryo transfer ; cephalometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Purpose The maternal effect is one of the important factors in mammalian growth in conjunction with the genetic effect. The present study investigated the prenatal maternal effect of a dam on the intrauterine craniofacial growth of a mouse fetus using embryo transfer and cephalometry. DDD/Qdj strain mouse embryos were transferred to four strains of recipient female mice (DDD/Qdj, C3H/Qdj, C57BL/Qdj, and DBA/1J Sea). Just after parturition cephalometric observation of the newborn offspring, which developed in the uteri of the four strains of dams, was performed and then the craniofacial size of the newborn offspring was calculated on the lateral cephalogram. Statistical analyses were performed to examine the correlation between the dam's weight and the craniofacial size of the newborn offspring, to test the significance of the effect of the dam's strain on the craniofacial size of the newborn offspring, and to evaluate the interstrain difference of the intrauterine craniofacial growth of the mouse fetuses. Results It was disclosed that there were a direct relation between the dam's weight and the craniofacial size of the newborn offspring, a significant effect of the dam's strain on the craniofacial size of the newborn offspring, and a significant interstrain difference in the craniofacial size of the newborn offspring after eliminating the effects of litter size and gestation period on the craniofacial size of the newborn offspring (DDD/Qdj 〉 C3H/Qdj = C57BL/ Qdj 〉 DBA/1J Sea). Conclusion Thus, it could be concluded that the four strains of dams affected differently the intrauterine craniofacial growth of the DDD/Qdj strain fetuses through each uterine condition, indicating that the dam's weight played an important role as one of the prenatal maternal effects on the intrauterine craniofacial growth of mouse fetuses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02214142
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