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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of interventional cardiology 3 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1540-8183
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A world survey of 34 patients with persistent left superior vena cava who required permanent pacing is reviewed and one case of ours with dominant left superior vena cava is reported. Based on these cases, we conclude that the transvenous, rather than epicardial placement of a permanent pacemaker lead is the procedure of choice in patients with persistent left superior vena cava, with or without coexisting right superior vena cava.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1540-8183
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Endomyocardial biopsy is a reliable and reproducible technique to confirm or establish a clinical diagnosis in many cases of idiopathic heart muscle disease. Our overall experience of 243 consecutive nontransplant related biopsy procedures (combined experience of previously reported and current series) comparing a new femoral venous (n = 94) with a standard internal jugular venous (n = 149) approach is reviewed. In the current series, the femoral (n = 59) and the internal jugular (n = 80) approaches, performed on 139 consecutive nontransplant-related procedures (466 myocardial samples), were compared. Vascular access was achieved in all femoral procedures; the internal jugular vein could not be located in 4% (three) of neck approaches (P = NS). Myocardial sampling was sufficient in all internal jugular procedures; sampling was adequate in all femoral procedures except two (3%, P = NS). Two cases of hematoma were observed after an internal jugular approach. Pericardial effusion was observed in one patient after femoral and in one patient after internal jugular approaches (P = NS), and in the latter case, tamponade developed requiring intervention. Transient atrioventricular block (complete in 2 and 2:1 in 1) developed in three patients (femoral procedures), but all of these patients had shown predisposing complete left bundle branch block on their electrocardiogram. No difference in vascular access, sampling efficiency and complication rate between our previous and current series regarding the internal jugular and femoral approaches was observed. Our overall experience with the femoral and internal jugular approaches was similar for complication rate (1% in both). Vascular access was better overall with the femoral approach (100% vs 93%, P 〈0. 01), reflecting more difficulty with internal jugular access in the first series. Thus, the femoral venous approach described is comparable in efficacy and safety to the standard internal jugular approach and may be especially useful as an alternative to right ventricular biopsy when the internal jugular vein cannot be successfully cannulated or when a cardiac catheterization from the femoral area is being performed at the same time for other reasons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA. , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiac surgery 18 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Primary graft dysfunction is a major cause of morbidity and mortality early after cardiac transplantation. We present here a case of unspecific graft dysfunction in a 47-year-old female recipient of a heart transplant that could not be attributed to the unusual causes of this disorder. The patient manifested symptoms and signs of heart failure early postoperatively, and echocardiography together with right heart catheterization confirmed the diagnosis. There was no body size mismatch, graft preservation was optimal, pulmonary vascular resistance preoperatively was normal, and rejection episodes could not explain her deterioration. Standard medical therapy for heart failure was initiated, and the patient's symptoms improved, although graft dysfunction persisted for a period of 1.5 years. Afterward, a gradual spontaneous improvement occurred, resulting in complete recovery of graft function at six years postoperatively. In addition to the case presented, potential contributing factors to this syndrome, together with appropriate treatment options, are discussed. (J Card Surg 2003; 18:29-31)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5020 , USA and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2XG , England . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiac surgery 19 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A 44-year-old man presented with symptoms and signs of cardiac tamponade. Cytologic examination of the pericardial fluid was negative for malignancy and no manifestations of primary tumor were detected. Two weeks after pericardiocentesis the patient developed constrictive pericarditis. An emergency exploratory thoracotomy revealed a thick, fibrotic pericardium firmly adherent to the underlying myocardium. Histologic examination of the pericardium showed the presence of an adenocarcinoma, suspected to be a metastatic dissemination from a primary pulmonary source. The lymphatic spread of the tumor to the heart may explain the early development of pericardial effusion without malignant cells and the later development of pericardial and epicardial thickening. Cardiac tamponade of unknown origin should prompt a search for metastatic carcinoma, including in presence of a negative cytology. (J Card Surg 2004;19:134-135)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5018 , USA and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 28 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Acute myocardial ischemia and the mode of ventricular fibrillation (VF) induction influence the ventricular defibrillation threshold (DFT). Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of transient regional left ventricular (LV) ischemia on the DFT. Methods: Ventricular effective refractory period (ERP), ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT), and DFT were measured under nonischemic conditions (control) in 26 pigs weighing 25–35 kg. Myocardial ischemia was then induced by occlusion of the mid left anterior descending coronary artery, and measurements of ERP and VFT were repeated after 2 minutes of occlusion. The coronary artery ligation was released immediately after the onset of VF and DFT was measured. Results: LV ERP was unchanged by ischemia (199 ± 19 ms at control vs. 200 ± 22 ms under ischemic conditions, P = 0.799), whereas VFT was significantly lower during coronary occlusion (10.7 ± 5.4 mA vs. 37.7 ± 13 mA, P = 0.000). Brief myocardial ischemia caused a significant increase in DFT (13.5 ± 12.6 J after coronary occlusion vs. 6.8 ± 6.8 J at control, P = 0.023). The duration of coronary occlusion was not correlated with the amounts of energy required to defibrillate (P = 0.526). Conclusions: This experimental study shows that transient myocardial ischemia markedly increases the DFT, suggesting that specific defibrillation algorithms should be designed for recipients of implantable defibrillators at risk of myocardial ischemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. During the last decades a number of left ventricular assist devices has been used especially for patients resistant to pharmacologic treatment and to intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) support for left ventricular failure. A high stroke volume para-aortic counterpulsation device (PACD) has been developed utilizing the principle of the diastolic counterpulsation technique. In this study the hemodynamic effects of the valveless PACD were compared to those of the centrifugal blood pump (CBP) in nine dogs in acute experimental cardiogenic shock. Hemodynamic measurements were obtained at baseline with both devices off, PACD on and CBP off, or PACD off and CBP on. There was no difference in mean aortic pressure between PACD on (60.0 ± 11.5 mmHg) and CBP on (69.0 ± 26.8 mmHg). Similarly, there was no difference in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure with the PACD on (11.9 ± 5.4 mmHg) versus the CBP on (9.9 ± 5.2 mmHg) or the cardiac index with the PACD on (84 ± 36 ml/kg/min) versus the CBP on (77 ± 36 ml/kg/min). However, the left ventricular systolic pressure (55.0 ± 19.0 with PACD versus 73.0 ± 26.0 with CBP, p 〈 0.001), the tension time index (712 ± 381 versus 1333 ± 694, p 〈 0.01), and the double product (5629 ± 2574 versus 7440 ± 3294, p 〈 0.01) were significantly lower during assistance with the PACD than with the CBP. It was concluded that PACD is at least as effective as CBP for restoring hemodynamic status during acute experimental cardiogenic shock. Moreover, the PACD unloads the left ventricle more effectively than CBP, making it suitable for left ventricular mechanical support in cases with reversible myocardial damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-7241
    Keywords: amiodarone ; drug myocardial concentration ; drug hemodynamic effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Summary. Intravenous amiodarone has been found useful in the emergent management of life-threating arrhythmias. Experimental studies have shown that its electrophysiologic effects are proportional to its myocardial concentration. However, early after its intravenous administration, the extent of the concentration of amiodarone in the human myocardium, the site of its action, is not well known. This study was performed to measure the myocardial concentration of amiodarone shortly after rapid intravenous injection. Amiodarone, 150 mg, was injected over 15 seconds intravenously into 9 patients, 52 ± 9 years of age, weighing between 65 and 98 kg (mean = 81 ± 15.6). All patients suffered from idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, were in NYHA functional class II, and the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 21 ± 6%. Right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy, required for the establishment of the diagnosis, was performed 2–5 minutes after drug administration for measurements of its myocardial concentration. Plasma concentrations of amiodarone were also measured at 2, 5, 10, and 60 minutes, and measurements of right heart hemodynamics were made 2 and 10 minutes after the injection. At 2.5 ± 1.2 minutes after amiodarone administration, the mean myocardial concentration was 95.7 ± 67.4 µg/g (range, 16–175), and the myocardial/plasma amiodarone ratio was 5.05 ± 5.01. Heart rate increased from 82 ± 17 to 90 ± 13 beats/min (P 〈 0.05), and systolic blood pressure decreased from 132 ± 19 to 118 ± 17 mmHg (P 〈 0.03). The extent of myocardial fibrosis was 5.13 ± 6.55% (range, 0.3–17.5%). Intravenous amiodarone (150 mg) accumulates rapidly in the human myocardial. This pharmacokinetic characteristic probably explains its acute efficacy in the treatment of life-threatening arrhythmias.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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