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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-dense Particle in Cholinergic Synaptic Vesicles (1973)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 244 (1973), S. 32-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Torpedine electric organs are of increasing research significance, in part because they represent a unique source from which large quantities of an apparently single population of synaptic vesicles can be obtained. We have studied the effect of fixation conditions on the preservation of cholinergic ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/244032a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low Gravity Interfacial Instabilities in Liquid Encapsulated Crystal Growth (1991)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 50 (Jan. 1991), p. 205-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/11/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.50.205.pdf
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve and its relation to early fetal behavior in rats under normal and hypothyroid conditions (1986)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 62 (1986), S. 61-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hypothyroidism ; Spinal tract of V ; Upper cervical spinal cord ; Motility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of hypothyroidism on the development of the spinal tract of V and its relation to early fetal behavior were studied in rats from day 16 through day 20 of gestation. Hypothyroidism was induced by the administration of 0.5% Propylthiouracil mixed with rat diet beginning from day seven through term. The thyroid glands of treated and untreated control fetuses of the same age groups were examined in histologic sections. The position, size, and caudal extent of the ophthalmic and maxillomandibular divisions of the spinal tract of V were analyzed in detail with the aid of graphic reconstructions from serial sections of representative cases of both control and experimental fetuses. The ophthalmic and maxillomandibular divisions of the spinal tract of V at 15 days in the control group of fetuses extended into the second and fourth cervical spinal segments respectively, while by 19 days, both divisions of the spinal tract of V extended as far as the fourth cervical segment. In the treated group of fetuses, the ophthalmic and maxillomandibular divisions were greatly reduced in area as well as in their caudal extent into upper cervical levels compared to control groups at corresponding stages of development. At the behavioral level, the frequency of individual movements of the head, forelimbs and mouth in the treated group of fetuses was significantly reduced compared with control fetuses of the same age. Combination types of movements of head, mouth and forelimbs were severely affected both quantitatively and qualitatively in the treated group from day 18 of gestation age. It could be demonstrated that the caudal extent of the spinal tract of V corresponded very closely to the behavior repertoire seen in the fetuses of that age. We propose (1) that the spinal tract of V, in its relation with the upper cervical spinal cord levels which contain motor neurons of the spinal accessory nucleus and motor neurons which innervate the dorsal neck muscles, could play a decisive role in the integration of head and shoulder movements in early stages of development, and (2) that thyroid hormone may play a crucial role in the normal development of the spinal tract of V which is manifest in its caudal growth into upper cervical levels of the spinal cord.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237403
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell formation in the motor nucleus and mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve of rats made hypothyroid by propylthiouracil (1985)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 59 (1985), S. 257-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Neurogenesis ; Hypothyroid ; Thymidine autoradiography ; Trigeminal nuclei development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neurogenesis in the motor and mesencephalic nuclei of the trigeminal nerve was examined using autoradiographic techniques. Two groups of pregnant rats (control and experimental) were injected with two successive daily doses of 3H thymidine in an overlapping series starting from day nine of gestation in order to label in their progeny, the dividing precursor of neurons of the motor nucleus and mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve. Control group of rats was raised on a standard diet, while the experimental group was made hypothyroid by propylthiouracil (PTU). At postnatal ages ranging between 20–30 days in the pups of both the control group and experimental group, the percentage of cells labelled and the proportion of cells added during each embryonic day were determined quantitatively throughout the rostro-caudal extent for both motor and mesencephalic nuclei. The neurons of the mesencephalic nucleus undergo their final cell divisions between gestational days 9 and 10 (E9 and E10). More than 80% of the population is generated by E10. The neurons of the motor nucleus undergo their final cell divisions between E9 and E11, and nearly 88% of the cells is generated by E11. In the thyroid deficient rats, in both nuclear centers, only 61% of the cells is generated by E12, and labelled cells are observed even as late as E18 and E19. In the hypothyroid state, there is a significant lengthening of the proliferative period. On the basis of absolute datings and duration of neuron production, it is postulated that in normal development, thyroid hormone determines the duration of the proliferative period, and push cells into the differentiative phase by taking them out of the proliferative phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00230905
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuronal development in the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus of the duck under normal and hypothyroid states: I. A light microscopic morphometric analysis (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 217 (1987), S. 79-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Light microscopic morphometric procedures were used in order to examine the effects of propylthiouracil (PTU) on the development of the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve in the duck. A single vascular injection of a 0.2% solution of PTU was administered at a dosage of 2 μl/gm embryo weight on embryonic day nine (E9). Control embryos received a similar dose of Ringer's solution. The following parameters of cytodifferentiation of cells of the mesencephalic nucleus of V were studied: somal area profiles, nuclear area, and nuclear cytoplasmic ratios. In addition, the frequency of beak clapping was recorded from E16. Significant differences were observed in somal area profiles in the experimental group at E16 and E18 and in nuclear area profiles from E16 through hatching. Beak activity in the experimental embryos was drastically reduced. It is concluded that PTU induces a retardation in the differentiation of cells of the mesencephalic nucleus of V which may lead to behavior deficits as evidenced by reduction of beak activity. These observations provide a basis for the study of interactions between thyroid hormone and specific neuronal systems in the emergence of an adaptive function.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092170111
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neural crest and placodal contributions in the development of the glossopharyngeal-vagal complex in the chick (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 71-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: By using the method of quail-to-chick transplantation of neural crest in one series (VNG) and placodal ectoderm in a second series (VPG) we were able to determine the relative contribution of cranial neural crest and placodal ectoderm to the formation of the Glossopharyngeal-vagal complex. In chimeric embryos, quail cells originating from cranial neural crest grafts of postotic levels end up in the root ganglia, while quail cells originating from placodal ectoderm of postotic levels end up in the trunk ganglia. The results clearly indicate that the caudal levels of the medulla and rostral cervical segments represent the site, and the neural crest the source, for the neurons of the root ganglia. The neurons form a homogenous population of the small-cell type. This clearly rules out any contribution to the root ganglia from placodal ectoderm. On the basis of our experiments, it is also concluded that the neurons of the trunk ganglia are purely placodal in origin and are composed of a population of cells of the large-cell type. Our experiments also provide convincing evidence for a neural crest origin for Schwann cell and ganglionic Satellite cells.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960108
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abnormal differentiation of selected nuclear centers in the brain of a duck embryo associated with partial duplication of the primitive streak (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 172 (1982), S. 287-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In a control set of duck embryos, and abnormal duck embryo of 16 days incubation was found which had two beaks as the only outward sign of duplication. The beaks were of equal size, each with upper and lower bills. Billclapping movements were absent. The embryo had two normal eyes placed one on either side of the head, and the rest of the body was normal in external appearance. Sections through the head revealed further duplication of the fore-, mid-, and hindbrain divisions. The medial half of each of the embryonic brain divisions, however, was greatly reduced. Two additional optic primordia were also noticed in sections, each of which was reduced to a mass of tissue representing a lens and a much-folded pigment epithelium. The orbital tissues associated with the rudimentary eyes were greatly disorganized. Abnormal differentiation associated with duplication of the brain divisions was determined by cell counts in selected nuclear centers. Cell numbers in each case appeared to be remarkably proportional to the size of the innervation field. Our data, based on cell counts in the nuclear centers chosen for this study in the abnormal embryo and normal control embryos of the same age, are consistent with the hypothesis that cell survival in related parts of the nervous system may be regulated by their peripheral field of innervation.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051720304
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