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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of static and cyclic compression on the electrical conductivity of FEF black-loaded rubbers (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 22 (1989), S. 621-627 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The influence of static and cyclic compression on the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity σ(T) of 100 phr FEF black-loaded rubber vulcanizates (SBR, NR, IIR, BR and NBR) has been studied. It was found that σ increases with static pressure for all rubber vulcanizates. The temperature coefficient of conductivity proved to be negative; its maximum value α ranges between −0.1 and −0.01 deg−1 depending upon the applied stress and type of rubber vulcanizate. The pressure coefficient of conductivity γ at room temperature varies with the static pressure from 0.78 to 0.04 (kg/cm2)−1. Menwhile, a was found to decrease with the number and stress amplitude of the cyclic compressions, while α increases with the number of compression cycles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00718944
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation on the dependence of the electrical conductivity of FEF/SBR vulcanizates on the cyclic strain (1989)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 22 (1989), S. 413-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The constant deformation fatigue test was found to affect the electrical properties of 70 FEF/SBR vulcanizates. The conductivity of 70 FEF/SBR sample is so sensitive to the value of strain amplitude and the number of cycles. When the specimens were subjected to a large number of rapidly repeating strain cycles, the transverse conductivity, σT, shows an initial rapid fall with increasing number of cycles, probably due to carbon structure breakdown. This is followed by dynamic equilibrium, where the conductivity remains almost constant over the temperature range 30–85 °C. The equilibrium state between destruction and reconstruction of carbon black aggregates has been detected for all strains of certain values of strain cycles (1.2 × l05, 4.7 × 104, 4.7 × 104, and 1.7 × 104 cycles for 50%, 75%, 100%, and 130% strains, respectively).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263081
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical properties of mixed rubber composites (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 26 (1991), S. 4615-4620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Different rubbers (SBR, NR and MR) were mixed together in different ratios and each mixture was loaded with 40 p.h.r, (parts of rubber per hundred parts by weight) of HAF (high abrasion furnace) carbon black in an attempt to obtain a composite of good mechanical as well as electrical properties. The rate of relative rate of change of swelling, Q, in Kerosene (1/τ=(1/Q)dQ/dt) was found to decrease by increasing the ratio of both SBR and NR in the mixture, reflecting the difficulty of the solvent to penetrate the newly formed matrix. High electrical conductivity was detected in samples containing a high proportion of IIR. A slight decrease in the activation energies, associated with gradual decrease in the temperature coefficient of conductivity for all three mixed rubber composites, was noted. The σ(T) curves were found to change appreciably with increasing pre-extension for different sensitivities of all samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00612395
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of hydrostatic pressure on the electrical conductivity of FEF carbon black-loaded sbr vulcanizates (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 150 (1987), S. 21-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde die elektrische Leitfähigkeit von Styrol-Butadien-Kautschuk (SBR-1502), der mit unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen von sehr schnell spritzbarem Furnace-Ruß (70, 80, 90 und 100 phr) beladen war, untersucht. Auf der Basis des Modells von Holm wurde eine qualitative Beschreibung für die elektrische Leitfähigkeit durch diese Verbundstoffe gesucht. Der Druckkoeffizient K wurde berechnet und zeigte eine starke Abhängigkeit von den Rußkonzentrationen.
    Notes: The electrical conduction was investigated in styrene butadiene rubber (SBR-1502) loaded with different concentrations of fast extrusion furnace (FEF) black (70, 80, 90, and 100 phr). On the bases of Holm's model, a qualitative description for the electrical conduction through these composites was sought. The pressure coefficient K was calculated and found to be strongly dependent on the carbon black concentrations.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1987.051500103
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal and thermoelastic properties of fast extrusion furnace (FEF) carbon black loaded SBR vulcanizates (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 38 (1995), S. 249-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: thermal properties ; fast extrusion furnace carbon black ; rubber ; thermoelastic properties ; vulcanizate ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effect of FEF carbon black as filler on the thermal capacity c, diffusivity a, and thermal conductivity λ, of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composites in the temperature range 300-420 K was studied. The filler strongly increases the thermal diffusivity, whilst strongly decreasing the thermal capacity and the thermal conductivity (except at high FEF content ≥80 phr).The influence of the filler on the thermoelastic behaviour of the same composites was also investigated. It was found that the thermoelastic temperature change (ΔT) increased with carbon black concentration as well as the entropy change per unit extension.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1995.210380306
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of dynamic cyclic extension on the electrical conductivity of fast extrusion furnace (FEF) black loaded rubber vulcanizates (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 38 (1995), S. 257-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: electrical conductivity ; rubber ; extension ; dynamic strain ; vulcanizates ; fast extrusion furnace black ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The influence of dynamic cyclic extension on the electrcal conductivity (σ) of 100 parts FEF carbon black loaded rubber (NR and SBR) vulcanizates was studied. The conductivity showed an initial rapid decrease with increasing cyclic strain amplitude, indicating a probable breakdown of the carbon black structure, owing to the masking of carbon particles by insulating rubber layers.The conduction mechanisms in these composites in terms of both the number of strain cycles and the strain amplitude were also studied. In addition, the temperature coefficient of conductivity was calculated for different amplitudes. It was greatly affected by the magnitude of the strain amplitude.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.1995.210380307
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of hydrostatic pressure on the electrical properties of unvulcanized FEF-loaded SBR (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 1327-1337 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Styrene butadience rubber (SBR-1502) loaded with different concentrations of FEF carbon black was tested to find out the effect of pressure on its electrical properties during vulcanization. Using the thermodynamically calculated values of the pressure coefficient (K), the thermoelastic coefficient (L = ∂T/∂P) was also estimated and compared with that obtained by other workers. The thermoelastic coefficient was found to be strongly dependent on the carbon black concentration.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070370516
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of static and cyclic compression on the electrical conductivity of FEF black-loaded rubbers (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 557-561 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070450319
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of solvent penetration on the electrical conductance of pre-extended FEF carbon black-loaded rubbers (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 1209-1219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The penetration of organic solvent and its influence on the electrical conductance of pre-extended styrene butadiene (SBR), butadiene (BR), acrylonitrile butadiene (NBR), butyl (IIR), and natural (NR) rubbers are investigated. A model is proposed for a process by which it is possible to estimate the separation distance between carbon black particles (or aggregates) and its dependence on the extent of penetration of the liquid. An empirical formula is suggested to describe the variation of the conductance of rubber composites with swelling time in terms of the interspacing distance.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070370505
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pre-extension on the electrical conductivity of styrene-butadiene rubber loaded with FEF carbon black. I. Dependence on temperature and swelling (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 119 (1983), S. 39-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde der Einfluß der Vordehnung auf die elektrische Leitfähigkeit von mit 70 Gew.-% FEF-Ruß gefülltem Styrol-Butadien-Kautschuk untersucht. Das anomale Verhalten der Leitfähigkeit, das sich als Minimum in der Leitfähigkeitskurve äußerte, begann bei Anniäherung an einen bestimmten charakteristischen Wert der Vordehnung zu verschwinden. Ferner zeigte sich, daß sich die Form der elektrischen Leitfähigkeits-Temperatur-Kurve mit zunehmender Vordehnung merklich ändert.Der Einfluß der Quellung in Kerosin auf das elektrische Leitvermögen bei konstanter Vordehnung wurde an denselben Proben untersucht.Zwischen der Abhängigkeit der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit von der Vordehnung und jener der Kerosinquellung des gefüllten SBR wurde eine Korrelation festgestellt.
    Notes: The effect of pre-extension on the electrical conductivity of SBR (1502) filled with 70 phr FEF carbon black was studied. The anomalous behaviour of conductivity, manifested as a minimum in the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity curve began to disappear on approaching a certain characteristic value of pre-extension. Moreover, the shape of the electrical conductivity vs. temperature curve was found to change appreciably with increasing pre-extension.The effect of swelling in kerosene on the electrical conductance of the same samples at constant pre-extension was also studied.A correlation between the effect of both, pre-extension and swelling in kerosene on the electrical properties of SBR filled with 70 phr FEF carbon black was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1983.051190104
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