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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amino Acid and Protein Depletion in Medium of Cell Cultures Infected with Cowdria ruminantium (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 791 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1996.tb53508.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal calculi — Urate as a urokinase inhibitor (1988)
    Springer
    Urological research 16 (1988), S. 143-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Plasmin ; Renal calculi ; Urinary urate ; Urokinase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The formation of renal calculi is one of the most widely studied urinary ailments. Spectrophotometric analysis of urinary inhibition on the urokinase/plasmin system revealed a significant difference between subjects with and without renal calculi (P〈0.001). The percentage urokinase/plasmin inhibition in the two groups was 77.1% for those with, and 47.1% for those without renal calculi. Because of the significant (P〈0.015) positive correlation (r=0.762) between the percentage inhibition of urokinase/plasmin and urinary urate concentration, the inhibition of urate on urokinase/plasmin and on plasmin and urokinase was investigated. The urokinase/plasmin system was inhibited up to 94.4% with 0.5 mM urate. Inhibition occurred with both low and high molecular weight urokinases. In order to determine which enzyme of the complex was inhibited, each was investigated independently and a 50% inhibition of urokinase activity was obtained with 4 mM urate. It was found that the urine of stone formers contained a higher concentration of urate than the urine of healthy subjects and that at the same time there was a decrease in urinary urokinase activity in these patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256008
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of tomato cultivars (Lycopersicon esculentum) by polyacrylamide isoelectric focusing (1992)
    Springer
    Euphytica 62 (1992), S. 77-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: cultivar identification ; isoelectric focusing ; isozymes ; tomato ; Lycopersicon esculentum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Isozyme analyses have been used for the definitive identification of many plant cultivars, but not for cultivated tomatoes. Six isozyme systems, namely alcohol dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, phosphoglucomutase, esterase, phosphoglucoisomerase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase of tomato seed extracts were resolved by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels with a narrow pH gradient. Nine alcohol dehydrogenase phenotypes were distinguished which, with three acid phosphatase phenotypes, identified twelve of the seventeen cultivars. Fewer differences were found for the other isozymes. Since this method could differentiate between breeding parents and their progeny it is concluded that further investigations are warranted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037931
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of an anticoagulant present in the salivary glands of the bont-legged tick, Hyalomma truncatum (1995)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 19 (1995), S. 79-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Keywords: Haematophageous ; tick ; Hyalomma truncatum ; anticoagulant ; factor Xa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A low molecular mass anticoagulant (17 kDa) was isolated from the salivary glands of prefed female Hyalomma truncatum ticks by means of reverse phase and anion-exchange HPLC. Trypsin digestion and amino acid analysis confirmed the protein nature of the anticoagulant. The inhibitor appears to be uncompetitive with a Ki of 6.9×10−10M. The target of the anticoagulant is factor Xa at the junction of the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. This may be crucial for the survival of the tick, making it feasible to investigate the possibility of vaccination with this antihaemostatic against tick feeding. In addition, tick anticoagulants may possibly have therapeutic application in controlling thrombosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00052548
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of anticoagulant activities in the salivary glands of the soft tick, Ornithodoros savignyi (1995)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 19 (1995), S. 117-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Keywords: Haematophagous ; tick ; Ornithodoros savignyi ; anticoagulant ; factor Xa ; thrombin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Salivary gland extracts of the sand tampan, Ornithodoros savignyi, prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) significantly in a concentration-dependent manner. There was also a pronounced inhibition of human activated factor Xa (fXa) by salivary gland extracts. The salivary gland extracts inhibited chromogenic assays specific for both fXa and thrombin. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of the salivary gland proteins followed by elution of specific areas or bands from a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)-membrane, showed that various anticoagulant factors are present when screened by means of the APTT assay. The most active component was associated with a band of M r of 14 kDa. Partial purification of this component was achieved using isoelectric focusing (IEF) and size-exclusion highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00052551
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The localization of a paralysis toxin in granules and nuclei of prefed female Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi tick salivary gland cells (1993)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 17 (1993), S. 357-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A monoclonal antibody directed against a paralysis toxin of Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi ticks was used to localize the toxin in cytoplasmic granules and, surprisingly, chromatin of the nuclei of cells which resemble the “b” cell type in the salivary glands of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Boophilus microplus and Ixodes holocyclus. The association of toxin with chromatin indicates that the toxin may have a regulatory function. Evidence is provided to support the view that the toxin is made up of three identical sub-units, with only the trimeric form being toxic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00058598
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A shared epitope found in the major paralysis inducing tick species of Africa (1994)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 18 (1994), S. 51-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cross-reactivity between all the paralysis inducing tick species of veterinary relevance in Africa was demonstrated, by using a monoclonal antibody directed against the paralysis inducing toxin of Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi. Western blot results, together with amino acid composition studies indicated that this monoclonal antibody recognizes protein bands of similar molecular mass and amino acid composition in R. evertsi evertsi and Ixodes rubicundus. This suggests that the Karoo paralysis toxin of I. rubicundus is possibly also a trimer with a high degree of homology to the spring lamb paralysis toxin of R. evertsi evertsi. The conclusive identity of these protein bands of 1. rubicundus could not be shown. Bio-assay studies performed on 1-day-old chickens suggested that the anti-spring lamb paralysis toxin monoclonal antibody also recognizes the paralysis toxin present in Argas (Persicargas) walkerae, by rendering some degree of protection against the effect of this toxin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00051402
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of an anticoagulant from the salivary glands of the tick, Ornithodoros savignyi (Acari: Argasidae) (1996)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 20 (1996), S. 583-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Keywords: Ticks ; Ornithodoros savignyi ; anticoagulant ; factor Xa ; inhibitor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An inhibitor of activated coagulation factor X (fXa) was isolated from salivary gland extracts prepared from Ornithodoros savignyi using a two-step procedure, involving reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) ion-exchange chromatography. From its behaviour during DEAE chromatography it could be deduced that it possesses an acidic pI (∼4.6). Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) of the purified inhibitor showed it to be homogeneous. The molecular mass was determined as 12 kDa using capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) and as 7183.4 using laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS). The N-terminal amino acid sequence (residues 1–12) was determined and found to share a 66% identity with tick anticoagulant peptide (TAP). The O. savignyi peptide is a slow, tight-binding inhibitor of fXa (K i=0.83±0.10 nM). The interaction of the fXa-inhibitor was found to be competitive and dependent on ionic strength. Preliminary investigations show that the inhibitor may be specific for fXa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00052809
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations into lymphocyte transformation and histamine release by basophils in sheep repeatedly infested with Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi ticks (1993)
    Springer
    Experimental and applied acarology 17 (1993), S. 551-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The immune response of a natural host of Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi to feeding by this tick species was investigated with respect to the effects of tick salivary gland extracts on the transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes and the release of histamine by basophils obtained from repeatedly infested sheep. The results indicated that there was no stimulation of lymphocyte transformation but that histamine release was elevated 10 fold after four infestations. Although this suggests a hypersensitivity reaction, believed to be a major factor in resistance to tick feeding, it was observed that ticks fed normally even after four infestations with 28 day intervals in between. These results emphasize the adaptation of ticks to feeding on their natural hosts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00058898
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