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Close spatial correlation and chemical effects in annealing of paramagnetic oxygen vacancies (E'1 centers) in ion-implanted amorphous SiO2 (1986)

Golanski, A. ; Pfister, J. C. ; Nicolle, T.

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Journal of Applied Physics 59 (1986), S. 1096-1102

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ISSN: 1089-7550

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics

Notes: Electron paramagnetic resonance has been used to study the isochronal and isothermal irreversible annealing of E1 defects induced in amorphous SiO2 by implantation of He+, N+, O+, and Bi+ ions. The annealing behavior observed is successfully compared to predictions based on two models for diffusion-limited thermally activated processes: a simple model of a first-order unimolecular recombination, and Simpson and Sosin's model for bimolecular recombination of closely spatially correlated Frenkel pairs. In both cases it has been assumed that the diffusion process is controlled by a Gaussian distribution of the activation energy for diffusion. It is shown that both models offer a consistent interpretation of the annealing behavior observed, indicating that for the temperature range between 500–800 °C, the irreversible thermal annealing of E'1 defects in ion-implanted amorphous SiO2 is controlled by unimolecular recombination. A new enhanced annealing effect has been observed in amorphous SiO2 implanted with chemically active N+ and O+ impurities.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.336546

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Robotics for meat processing - from research to commercialisation (1999)

Templer, R.G. ; Nicholls, H.R. ; Nicolle, T.

Bradford : Emerald

Industrial robot 26 (1999), S. 290-296

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ISSN: 0143-991X

Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics

Notes: Over the last five years we have successfully researched, designed, developed and commercialised the world's first lamb and sheep dressing robots. Two have already been sold to commercial concerns. This has caused a paradigm shift in the way automation in meat processing can be viewed. In this paper we describe the lessons we have learned in robotic automation via projects in Y-cutting, ripdown, brisket clearing, opening cuts, handling of primal cuts and packing bagged meat pieces for lamb and sheep meat. All of these projects have been, or are about to be, trialed in operating plants processing export quality meat. These projects have involved the development of a programmable robot suitable for washdown environments, and of tooling to conduct specific dressing and handling tasks. Latest projects are applying this approach to automating certain beef processing tasks, and a beef processing robot has been constructed and is being installed for trials in an operating plant. The technology behind the robots is described and illustrated in our paper. Also described are the methods we used to ensure commercialisation was an economic success.