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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in catecholamine concentrations and synthesis rate in mouse brain during the ‘supersensitivity’ phase after treatment with neuroleptic drugs (1976)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 27 (1976), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1976.tb01587.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dopaminergic supersensitivity: Influence of dopamine agonists, cholinergics, anticholinergics, and drugs used for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia (1979)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 62 (1979), S. 111-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Neuroleptics ; Supersensitivity ; Mice ; Apomorphine ; Cholinergic ; Anticholinergic ; GABA-agonists ; Benzodiazepines ; Barbiturates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Single and repeated administration of neuroleptics induce supersensitivity to dopamine agonists like apomorphine and methylphenidate. The degree of this supersensitivity depends on the period of the preceding administration of the neuroleptic. In the development phase additional administration of apomorphine can reverse the hyperdopaminergic behaviour, whereas addition of cholinergic/anticholinergic treatment does not modify the enhanced receptor response. In the supersensitivity phase additional treatment with deanol does not modify the supersensitivity. Phenobarbital, diazepam, and muscimol increase and cis (Z)-flupenthixol decreases the supersensitivity. It is concluded that supersensitivity induced by neuroleptics is time-dependent and that it can be prevented by additional treatment with DA-agonists but not by cholinergic/anticholinergic treatment. In the supersensitivity phase, the syndrome is suppressed by dopamine antagonists but enhanced by GABA-agonists, benzodiazepine and phenobarbital.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427122
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of flupenthixol and flupenthixol-decanoate on methylphenidate and apomorphine-induced compulsive gnawing in mice (1974)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 34 (1974), S. 119-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Psychopharmacology ; Flupenthixol ; Flupenthixol-Decanoate ; Mice ; Methylphenidate ; Apomorphine ; Compulsive Behaviour
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract α-Flupenthixol and α-flupenthixol decanoate were tested in mice against methylphenidate-induced stereotyped gnaw-compulsions. The effect of both α-flupenthixol, and α-flupenthixol decanoate disappeared 2 days after administration. In addition, the influence of α-flupenthixol and α-flupenthixol decanoate on the apomorphine-induced behaviour in mice was followed over a period of 12 days. Under these conditions apomorphine-induced compulsive gnawing was seen on the days on which the methylphenidate antagonistic effect had subsided. The apomorphine-induced compulsive gnawing seen in α-flupenthixol and α-flupenthixol decanoate pretreated animals could be antagonized by additional small doses of α-flupenthixol given 2 h before apomorphine. The interference of the neuroleptic drugs with dopaminergic receptors is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421936
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the supersensitivity of dopamine receptors, induced by neuroleptics (1976)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 48 (1976), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Neuroleptics ; Supersensitivity ; Dopamine receptors ; Compulsive behavior ; Mice ; Apomorphine ; Methylphenidate ; Synthesis inhibition ; Cholinergic ; Anticholinergic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Different neuroleptics caused dopamine receptor blockade (antagonism against methylphenidate-induced compulsive gnawing) for varying lengths of time. When the receptor blockade had expired, supersensitivity to dopamine agonists (occurrence of apomorphine-induced compulsive gnawing and enhancement of methylphenidate-induced gnawing) developed and persisted for varying periods of time. The degree and duration of supersensitivity was related to the degree and duration of the preceding receptor blockade. Inhibition of catecholamine or 5-HT synthesis had no influence on development of supersensitivity. Stimulation with a dopamine agonist, apomorphine, during the period of the development of supersensitivity did not modify the enhanced receptor supersensitivity. A cholinergic-dopaminergic balance was shown to be involved in the manifestation of compulsive behavior during the supersensitivity phase. Tolerance to the dopamine antagonistic effect of a neuroleptic also developed after a single neuroleptic treatment, most likely due to increased sensitivity of the receptors for the dopamine agonist. It is concluded, that the dopamine receptor blockade induced by a single dose of a neuroleptic agent is a dynamic phenomenon which in the course of time is replaced by an increased sensitivity of the receptors to dopamine agonists. Noradrenergic or 5-HT neuron systems do not seem to be involved in the neuroleptic-induced supersensitivity, whereas a dopaminergic-cholinergic balance is operative in the supersensitivity situation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00423298
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacology of neuroleptics upon repeated administration (1974)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 34 (1974), S. 95-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Neuroleptics ; Tolerance Development ; Stereotypy ; Conditioned Avoidance Reaction ; Catalepsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The development of tolerance, defined as a reduction in pharmacological potency, was studied in various experimental models following repeated administration of neuroleptic drugs to rats, mice and dogs. Tolerance developed in all models involving stereotyped behaviour induced by central dopaminergic stimulation, whereas no tolerance developed to the cataleptogenic effect and the inhibition of conditioned avoidance reaction. Tolerance development was dependent on pretreatment dose and length of pretreatment period. Once developed, tolerance persisted for a considerable time, particularly in rats and dogs. Several possible mechanisms by which tolerance could develop are discussed, among which the most likely appears to be 1. increased turnover of dopamine, leading to larger quanta of transmitter being released by the indirect sympathomimetic amine, or 2. increased receptor sensitivity following the prolonged receptor blockade.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421933
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methylphenidate antagonism of haloperidol, interaction with cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs (1974)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 34 (1974), S. 111-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Methylphenidate ; Gnaw-Compulsion ; Haloperidol ; Physostigmine ; Scopolamine ; Tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The methylphenidate antagonistic effect of haloperidol was investigated in normal and haloperidol tolerant mice under the influence of cholinergic and anticholinergic treatment. Physostigmine increased the potency of haloperidol against stereotypies induced by methylphenidate, whereas scopolamine reduced the effect of haloperidol. The effect of haloperidol was influenced both in non-pretreated mice and in haloperidol-pretreated mice. It is concluded, that a cholinergic-dopaminergic balance is of importance for the antagonistic effect of a neuropeptic agent against methylphenidate-induced gnawing-compulsion in normal mice as well as in mice which have become tolerant to neuroleptics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00421935
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