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Digitale Medien

Flies lacking all synapsins are unexpectedly healthy but are impaired in complex behaviour (2004)

Godenschwege, Tanja A. ; Reisch, Dietmar ; Diegelmann, Sören ; [weitere]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

European journal of neuroscience 20 (2004), S. 0

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ISSN: 1460-9568

Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Thema: Medizin

Notizen: Vertebrate synapsins are abundant synaptic vesicle phosphoproteins that have been proposed to fine-regulate neurotransmitter release by phosphorylation-dependent control of synaptic vesicle motility. However, the consequences of a total lack of all synapsin isoforms due to a knock-out of all three mouse synapsin genes have not yet been investigated. In Drosophila a single synapsin gene encodes several isoforms and is expressed in most synaptic terminals. Thus the targeted deletion of the synapsin gene of Drosophila eliminates the possibility of functional knock-out complementation by other isoforms. Unexpectedly, synapsin null mutant flies show no obvious defects in brain morphology, and no striking qualitative changes in behaviour are observed. Ultrastructural analysis of an identified ‘model’ synapse of the larval nerve muscle preparation revealed no difference between wild-type and mutant, and spontaneous or evoked excitatory junction potentials at this synapse were normal up to a stimulus frequency of 5 Hz. However, when several behavioural responses were analysed quantitatively, specific differences between mutant and wild-type flies are noted. Adult locomotor activity, optomotor responses at high pattern velocities, wing beat frequency, and visual pattern preference are modified. Synapsin mutant flies show faster habituation of an olfactory jump response, enhanced ethanol tolerance, and significant defects in learning and memory as measured using three different paradigms. Larval behavioural defects are described in a separate paper. We conclude that Drosophila synapsins play a significant role in nervous system function, which is subtle at the cellular level but manifests itself in complex behaviour.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03527.x

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Digitale Medien

Computational investigation of the influence of the environment on mechanical properties of solids (1995)

Nikitina, Ekaterina A. ; Golubina, Tatyana A. ; Malkin, Alex I. ; [weitere]

New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell

International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 56 (1995), S. 161-173

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ISSN: 0020-7608

Schlagwort(e): Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Using modified MNDO and AM1 semiempirical self-consistent-field molecular orbital methods in the cluster approach, we investigated the environmental influence on the mechanical properties of solids. The computational approach of the chemical reaction coordinate was developed for the study of mechanical deformation. The modeling of different types of deformation was considered. To test the validity of the method, we investigated the mechanical properties of simple hydrocarbon chains and silica systems. Uniaxial deformation and bending were considered for the heptane molecule. Verification of the mechanochemical calculations for polypropylene was fulfilled by analyzing its vibrational spectra. It was found that the influence of active medium particles (water, hydroxonium ion, surfactant) may have caused a sharp decrease of the strength of silica and hydrocarbons. The atom-level mechanism and some qualitative characteristics of these processes were studied. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Zusätzliches Material: 17 Ill.